Chapter 1 – Introduction to Personal Training

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit and free from physical pain, illness, or disease.

Question 2

Overload

Answer 2

A principle of exercise programming, overload is stress applied beyond that which the body is accustomed for the promotion of fitness improvements.

Question 3

Progression

Answer 3

A principle of exercise programming, once the body has adapted to a level of stress, additional or novel stress is needed to promote further adaptations.

Question 4

Specificity

Answer 4

A principle of exercise programming. A desired adaption must match the
specific stresses placed upon the body; controlled stress applied in quantified
measures to elicit desirable responses from the body.

Question 5

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 5

A health-related component of physical fitness, defined as the ability of the circulatory, respiratory, and muscular systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.

Question 6

VO2max

Answer 6

Measure of an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness as indicated by maximal oxygen use - measured by milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute of work.

Question 7

Muscular strength

Answer 7

A health-related component of fitness, defined as the measure of an individual’s maximal contractile force production against a resistance.

Question 8

Muscular endurance

Answer 8

A health-related component of fitness, defined as the measure of muscle force decline over time.

Question 9

Stability

Answer 9

The synergistic ability of muscles, nerves, proprioceptors, and connective tissues to maintain firm positioning and offset disruptive forces.

Question 10

Flexibility

Answer 10

A health-related component of fitness, indicated by the ability of a muscle to move through a range of motion at a single joint in a single plane.

Question 11

Mobility

Answer 11

The ability to move cooperative body segments through a full, unrestricted range of motion.

Question 12

Body composition

Answer 12

A health-related component of fitness, indicated by the ratio of fat mass to fat-free mass within the body.

Question 13

Fat-free mass

Answer 13

All tissues within the human body that contain no fat.

Question 14

Normal-weight obesity

Answer 14

Classification indicated by normal weight by population norms, but high body fat percentage.

Question 15

Power

Answer 15

The rate at which work is performed.

Question 16

Power equation

Answer 16

(force x velocity) = (force x

distance/time) = (work/time).`

Question 17

Sarcopenia

Answer 17

A muscular disease indicated by the loss of total skeletal muscle mass, with particular significance in reduction of fast-twitch muscle fibers.

Question 18

Speed

Answer 18

The time to perform a movement in one direction: the rate of positional change.

Question 19

Balance

Answer 19

The ability to manage forces which act to disrupt stability.

Question 20

Proprioception

Answer 20

The cumulative input to the CNS from receptors that relay body and positional movement.

Question 21

Strength Balance

Answer 21

The functional strength ratio of opposing muscle groups across a joint: also referred to as agonist/antagonist muscle ratio or muscle balance ratio.

Question 22

Coordination

Answer 22

The ability to control and use multiple body parts and/or senses at the same time efficiently.

Question 23

Agility

Answer 23

A rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus.

Question 24

Open skills

Answer 24

Motor skills requiring the participant to react to changes in an unpredictable environment.

Question 25

Closed skills

Answer 25

Motor skills performed in a stable or predictable environment.