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Anatomy > Chapter 9 - Endocrine system > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the hormones?

A

They control and regulate:

  • Reproduction
  • Metabolism and energy balance
  • Growth and development
  • body defenses
  • General homeostasis including water, nutrients and electrolyte balance of the blood
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2
Q

The endocrine system also works with…?

A

The Nervous System

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3
Q

What are the differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

Nervous:
- Fast (nerve impulses)
Endocrine System:
- Chemicals (hormones) they can take seconds, days or weeks

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4
Q

What are the 9 glands?

A 
Pineal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Adrenal Gland
Ovaries/Testes (Gonads)
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Thymus
Pancreas
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5
Q

What are the two divisions of the Pituitary Gland?

A

Anterior Pituitary lobe

Posterior Pituitary lobe

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6
Q

What is a gland?

A

Is just any structure that makes and secretes a hormone

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7
Q

With which glands does the Pituitary Gland produces hormones?

A
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Adrenal
  • Pineal Gland
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8
Q

What is the characteristic of the hormones?

A

A hormone can only trigger a reaction in specific cells

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9
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

Helps regulate growth and trigger sexual maturity

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10
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Regulates your blood sugar level using insulin and glucagon

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11
Q

What means hyper and hypo?

A

Hyper- too much

Hypo- too little

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12
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood volume

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13
Q

What are the 8 main hormones? (GOAT FLAP)

A
  • Growth
  • Oxytocin
  • Anti- diuretic (ADH)
  • Thyroid stimulating
  • Follicle Stimulating
  • Luteinizing
  • Adrenocorticotropic
  • Prolactin
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14
Q

What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin

Anti- diuretic

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15
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the oxytocin hormone ?

A

Sucking at the nipple by an infant

Milk ducts and uterus

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16
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A
  • Increase osmolarity of the blood
  • Concentration of high blood pressure
  • Regulates blood volume and blood pressure
  • H2O return to the blood
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17
Q

What are the two division of the adrenal gland?

A

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

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18
Q

What are the hormones of the anterior pituitary?

A
  • Thyroid - Stimulating hormone
  • Adrenacorticotropic (ACTH)
  • Growth Hormone
  • Prolactin
19
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the thyroid- stimulating hormone ?

A

Thyroid Gland (comes from the anterior pituitary)

20
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the ACTH hormone ?

A

Adrenal Cortex

21
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the growth hormone ?

A

Nearly all body cells bones, ligaments, cartilage

22
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the prolactin hormone ?

A

Milk production, mammary gland

23
Q

What are the other 11 hormones?

A
  • Melatonin
  • Thyroxine and triiodothyronine
  • PTH
  • Thymosin
  • Calcitonin
  • Cortisol
  • Aldosterone
  • Epinephrine and norepinephrine
  • Insulin
  • Glucagong
  • Androgen
24
Q

What are the hormones of the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

25
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the melatonin hormone ?

A

Decreasing ambient light levels

26
Q

What is the hormone of the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine

Calcitonin

27
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the thyroxine hormone ?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Metabolic rate, most body cells
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism

28
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the parathyroid hormone ?

A

Increaing concentrations of calcium ions in the blood.

Bone, kidneys, small intestine

29
Q

Whatvis the hormone of the Parathyroid gland?

A

Parathyroid hormone

30
Q

What is the hormone of the thymus gland?

A

Thymosin

31
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the thymosin hormone ?

A

Presence of immature T lymphocytes

T lymphocytes in the thymus

32
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the calcitonin hormone ?

A

Decreasing concentrations of calcium ions in the blood

33
Q

What are the hormones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Androgen
Cortisol
Aldosterone

34
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the androgen hormone ?

A

ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic

35
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the cortisol hormone ?

A

ACTH

Most body cells, particularly cells of the liver, adipocytes, and muscle cells

36
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the aldosterone hormone ?

A

Sodium absorption
ACTH
Kidneys

37
Q

What are the hormone of the adrenal medulla gland?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

38
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones ?

A

Nervous from the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
Most body cells

39
Q

What are the pancreas gland hormones?

A

Insulin and glucagon

40
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the insulin hormone ?

A

Decreases concentrations of glucose (sugar) in the blood

All body cells

41
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the glucagon hormone ?

A

Increases concentrations of glucose in the blood, presence of protein in a meal.
Liver, adipocytes, muscle

42
Q

What are the hormones of the testes and ovaries?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

Luteinizing hormone

43
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the follicle stimulating hormone ?

A

Testes - sperm growth

Ovaries - egg development, oocyte

44
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion and function of the luteinizing hormone ?

A

Testes - testosterone

Ovaries - ovulation

Anatomy (13 decks)

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