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Anatomy > Chapter 15 - Digestive system > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general structure of the digestion process?

A

Mechanical digestion

Chemical digestion

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2
Q

What is the food example in the book?

A

Sandwich

  • Bread
  • Ham
  • Mayonaisse
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3
Q

What is the complex carbohydrate?

A

Bread

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4
Q

What is the protein?

A

Ham

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5
Q

What is the mayonaise?

A

Lipids

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6
Q

What are the Carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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7
Q

What are the proteins?

A

Amino acids

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8
Q

What are the lipids?

A

Monoglycerides and fatty acids

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9
Q

What happens with the carbohydrates in the small intestine?

A
  • Polysaccharide (starch)
  • Salivary and pancreatic amylase
  • Glucose
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10
Q

What happens with the proteins in the small intestine and the stomach?

A
  • Pepsin
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11
Q

What happens with the lipids in the small intestine?

A
  • Bile

- Pancreatic lipase

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12
Q

What does the Monoglycerides come from?

A

Glycerol

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13
Q

What are the order of the proteins?

A
  1. Carbs
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
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14
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

Is a continous, coiled, hollow tube that runs through the ventral cavity from stomach to anus

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15
Q

What are the organs of the alimentary canal? (7)

A
  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Anus
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16
Q

What are the two parts of the Pharynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

Oropharynx

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17
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Dudenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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18
Q

What are the three glands of the digestive system?

A
  • Sublingual salivary gland
  • Submandibular salivary gland
  • Parotid salivary gland
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19
Q

What os the first step of the Digestive system in general?

A

Macromolecules in the bolus of food are ingested and mechanically broken down.

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20
Q

What is the second step of the digestive system in general?

A

Enzymes are released from glands that aid in breaking down macromolecules into smaller products the cells can use

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21
Q

What is the third step of the digestive system in general?

A

Final products are absorbed into the bloodstream

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22
Q

What is the fourth step of the digestive system in general?

A

Final products are transported through the bloodstream and finally delivered to the cells, where they can be used as nutrients

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23
Q

What are the two parts of the digestive system?

A

Thoracic

Abdominopelvic

24
Q

What are the four layers of the wall of the digestive tract? (My Submarine Move South)

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
  4. Serosa
25
Q

What is the inner most layer of the wall of the digestive tract

A

Mucosa

26
Q

What is the outermost layer of the wall of the digestive tract?

A

Serosa

27
Q

What is the Duodenum?

A

Is a specialized sac that contains three layers of smooth muscle within its wall
Site for absorption

28
Q

What is the function of the gastric juice?

A

Contains pepsin, HCI (Hydrochloric acid) and mucus (this are all enzymes)
When the gastric juice combines with food, a mixture called chyme is formed

29
Q

What are the 3 increase surface area in the small intestine?

A
  • Microvilli
  • Circular fold
  • Villus
30
Q

What are the functions of the Microvilli, Villus and the Circular fold?

A

Increase surface area to better facilitate absorption of nutrients

31
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine? (Don’t Jump In)

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
32
Q

What is chyme?

A

Is a liquid that comes out in the Hepatopancreatic sphincter and is what the endocrine gland produces

33
Q

What are the two functions of the pancreas?

A

Endocrine gland

Exocrine gland

34
Q

What is the exocrine gland?

A

Vast majority of the epithelial cells (99%)

Is outside

35
Q

What is the endocrine gland?

A

Is in the duodenum
The remaining 1%
Produce hormones that diffuse into the bloodstream

36
Q

What is the bile in the liver?

A

Is thic, alkaline solution produced by hepatocytes (liver cells) and drains into vessels, into ducts, which transports the bile away from the liver and into the gallbladder

37
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

A

Thickened band of smooth muscle which mostly remains closed so that the gallbladder fills with bile

38
Q

Where is the Bile stored?

A

In the gallbladder

39
Q

What os the large intestine?

A

Hollow muscular tube about 5 feet long

It connects the end of the small intestine (ileum) to yhe anus

40
Q

What are the three parts of the large intestine?

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

41
Q

What are the four parts of the colon?

A
  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Descending
  • Sigmoid Colon
42
Q

What is Sigmoid?

A

The term in which is an S shaped

43
Q

What is the sigmoid colon?

A

The last portion of the large intestine

44
Q

What is the ileocecal sphincter?

A

Is the valve between the small and large intestine that prevents material from flowing back into the small intestine

45
Q

Which organ receives undigested food from the small intestine?

A

Large intestine

46
Q

Which organ produces bile?

A

Liver

47
Q

The mucosa of the small intestine is

A

Simple columnar epithelium

48
Q

Which part of the digestive system moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?

A

Esophagus

49
Q

Which organ is the primary site of nutrient absorption?

A

Small intestine

50
Q

Which part of the digestive system prevents the movement of gastric fluids back to the esophagus?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

51
Q

Which organ stores bile?

A

Gallbladder

52
Q

The first part of the small intestine receiving material from the stomach, pancreas and liver, is the…

A

Duodenum

53
Q

Which parts of the small intestine increase surface area?

A
  • Circular folds
  • Villi
  • Microvilli
54
Q

Blood reaches the glomerular capillaries via the…

A

Afferent arteriole

55
Q

The renal corpuscle is composed of which parts?

A

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus

Anatomy (13 decks)

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