Chapter 4 - Integumentary System

Question 1

The integumentary system consist of:

Answer 1

• Skin
• Hair
• Nails
• Sweat glads
• Sebaceous (oil) glands

Question 2

What consists the structure of the skin?

Answer 2

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Hypodermis

Question 3

What is epidermis?

Answer 3

• Superficial Region

- Consists of epithelial tissue and is avascular

Question 4

What are the four layers of thin skin in the epidermis? COME GET SUN BURN

Answer 4

• Corneum
• Granulosum
• Spinosum
• Basale

Question 5

What are the five layers of thick skin (palms and soles) in the epidermis?

Answer 5

• Corneum
• Lucidum
• Granulosum
• Spinosum
• Basale

Question 6

What is Dermis?

Answer 6

• Underlies Epidermis
• Mostly fibrous connective tissue, vascular
• Blood Vessels : 5% of entire blood supply

Question 7

What are the 3 layers of the Dermis?

Answer 7

• Papillary Layer
• Reticular Layer
• Hypodermis

Question 8

What is the papillary layer composed of?

Answer 8

Is 75% of areolar Connective tissue. It has papillary that help with friction ridges (finger prints)

Question 9

What is the reticular layer of the dermis composed of ?

Answer 9

Dense irregular connective tissue (bottom 25%)

Question 10

What is Hypodermis?

Answer 10

• Subcutaneous layer deep to skin
• Not part of skin but shares some functions
• Mostly adipose tissue that absorbs shock and insulates
• Anchors skin to underlying structures: mostly muscles
  CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 11

What consists the hair?

Answer 11

Consists of dead Keratinized cells (dead epithelial cells)

None located On palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of external genitalia.

Question 12

What are the functions of the hair?

Answer 12

• Warn of insects on skin
• Hair on head guards against physical trauma
• Protect from heat loss
• Shield skin from sunlight

Question 13

What is the structure of the hair?

Answer 13

( Also called pili) flexible strands of dead, keratinized cells produced by hair follicles
- Contains hard keratin, not like soft keratin found in skin. (Hard keratin is tougher and more durable, and cells do not flake official)

Question 14

What are the regions of the hair?

Answer 14

• Shaft: area that extends above scalp, where keratinization is complete
• Root: area within scalp, where keratinization is still going on

Question 15

What are the three parts of the hair shaft?

Answer 15

• Medulla: central core of large cells and air spaces
• Cortex: several layers of flattened cells surrounding medulla
• Cuticle: outer layer consisting of overlapping layers of single cells

Question 16

What is the structure of a hair follicle?

Answer 16

• Hair matrix
• Arrector pili
• Hair papilla

Question 17

What is a hair matrix?

Answer 17

Actively dividing area of bulb that produces hair cells

As matrix makes new cells, it pushes older ones upward

Question 18

What is an arrector pili

Answer 18

• Small band of smooth muscle attached to follicle

- Responsible for “goose bumps”

Question 19

What is the hair papilla from the hair follicle structure?

Answer 19

• Dermal tissue containing a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to growing hair

Question 20

What is the Sebaceous (oil) glands?

Answer 20

• Widely distributed, except for thick skin of palms and soles
• Most develop from hair follicles and secrete into hair follicles
• Relatively inactive until puberty ( stimulated by hormones, especially androgens)

Question 21

What is the secrete sebum?

Answer 21

• Oily holocrine secretion
• Bactericidal (bacteria- killing) properties
• Softens hair and skin

Question 22

What are the sweat glads ?

Answer 22

• Also called sudoriferous glands

- All skin surfaces except nipples and parts of external genitalia contain sweat glads (about 3 million per person)

Question 23

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 23

• Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glads

- Apocrine sweat glands

Question 24

What are the eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Answer 24

• Most numerous type
• Abundant on palms, soles, and forehead
• Ducts connect to pores

Question 25

What is the function of the eccrine (merocrine) sweat glads?

Answer 25

• Thermoregulation (regulated by sympathetic nervous system)

- Their secretion is sweat ( 99% water, salts, vitamin C, antibodies, metabolic wastes)

Question 26

What are the apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 26

• Confined to axillary and anogenital areas
• Secrete viscous milky or yellowish sweat that contains fatty substances and proteins. (Bacteria break down sweat, leading to body odor
• Larger than eccrine sweat glands with ducts emptying into hair follicles
• Begin functioning at puberty ( function unknown but may act as sexual scent gland)