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Anatomy > Chapter 8- Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous Sytem (PNS)?

A

The cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Is the communication between the CNS and the rest of the body. Are the wires that allow your CNS to communicate with the rest of your body

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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  • Sensory (afferent)

- Motor (efferent)

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4
Q

What means afferent?

A

Sensory, input

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5
Q

What means efferent?

A

Motor, output

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6
Q

What are the three functions of the CNS?

A
  • Sensory input
  • Integration
  • Motor output
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7
Q

Sensory…..

A

Detects and sends the info

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8
Q

Integration…

A

Decides what to do with the info

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9
Q

Motor input….

A

The response that occurs when the nervous system activates certain parts of the body

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10
Q

What are the two systems of the motor (efferent) division?

A
  • Somatic Nervous System

- Autonomic Nervous System

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11
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Voluntary

Rules your skeletal muscle movement

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12
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

A

Involuntary

Keeps your heart beating, your lungs breathing, and your stomach churning

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13
Q

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

A
  • Sympathetic division

- Parasympathetic division

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14
Q

What is the sympathetic division?

A

Mobilizes the body into action and gets it all fired up (fight or flight)

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15
Q

What is the parasympathetic division?

A

Relaxes the body and talks it down. Rest or digest

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16
Q

What is the Nervous system made of?

A

Cells called Neurons

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17
Q

What are the functions of the neuron?

A

Respond to stimuli and transmit signals

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18
Q

What are the parts of the neuron?

A
  • Dendrites
  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • Synaptic Knob
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19
Q

Dendrites…

A

Receives incoming signals

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20
Q

Cell body…

A

Contains nucleus

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21
Q

Axon…

A

Is the talker, extended cable. Releases neurotransmitters (chemical).
Transmit electrical impulses AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY to other cells
Action potential

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22
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A
  • Unipolar
  • Bipolar
  • Multipolar (most common)
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23
Q

Unipolar neurons…

A

Are mostly sensory neurons
One process extend from the cell body
Found mainly in the PNS
Commonly in the root ganglia

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24
Q

Multipolar neurons…

A

Are mostly motor and sends impulses away from the CNS. Are also association neurons inside the CNS between them send info.
The multipolar neuron has more insulation and has faster action potential.
Has many processes extend from the cell body
Most of them are interneurons that send impulses to the muscles

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25
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Like the plastic casing around and electrical cord, insulates the electrical impulse

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26
Q

Bipolar neurons…

A

Has two processes extend from the cell body
Special senses
Rare

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27
Q

What means ganglia?

A

Gang of neurons

Grupo

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28
Q

What is the general structure (tubes within tubes) of a nerve?

A
  1. Nerve (plastic of the cable)
  2. Fascicle (los cablecitos dentro del plastico)
  3. Myelinated axon ( alambres dentro del cablecito)
  4. Axon (el nucleo del alambre)
29
Q

What is the organization of connective tissues?

A
  1. Epineurium (primera capa)
  2. Perineurium (segunda capa de los cablecitos)
  3. Endoneurium (la ultima capa antes de el neurolemmocyte)
30
Q

How many spinal nerves are in the body?

A

31 PAIRS of spinal nerves

31
Q

How is the structure of the spinal nerves in order?

A 
Cervical Plexus
Brachial plexus
Intercostal nerves
Lumbar plexus (entanglement of nerves)
Sacral plexus
Cauda equina (tail) (horsetail)
32
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

Inferior end of the spinal cord

33
Q

What are the five nerves to know or the arm?

A
  1. Axillary nerve
  2. Musculocutaneus nerve
  3. Median nerve
  4. Ulnar nerve
  5. Radial nerve
34
Q

What is the carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

When your fingers feel dumb

35
Q

What are the nerves to know of the leg?

A 
Lateral femoral cutaneous (el mas salido)
Obturator nerve (el del morado)
Femoral nerve (el que se divide en tres) 
Sciatic nerve (thickest, que se have detras de l hueso)
Common fibular nerve (abajo de la rodilla)
Tibial nerve (detras de la rodilla, el gruesito)
36
Q

What are the meninges of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia mater
37
Q

What are the meninges?

A

The layers of the spinal cord

38
Q

What are parts of the spinal cord structure?

A

Dorsal root
Dorsal root ganglion
Ventral root
Dorsal ramus

39
Q

What is the dorsal root?

A

Nerves that enter the back of the spinal cord

Contains only sensory axons

40
Q

What is the dorsal root ganglion?

A

Contains the neuron cell bodies of sensory neurons

41
Q

What is ganglion?

A

Group if neurons

42
Q

What is ventral root?

A

Contains only motor axons

43
Q

Ventral is…

A

Motor info glands travels to muscles, organs

44
Q

Dorsal is…

A

Sensory info travels to CNS

45
Q

What are the back and front part of the spinal cord?

A

Back - SENSORY

Front - Motor

46
Q

What is the gray matter?

A 
Multipolar neurons (interneurons). Decisions 
Occur
47
Q

What the parts of the butterfly spinal cord?

A

Gray commissure
Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral horn

48
Q

What is the right organization of the cranial meninges (from dura to pia)

A
  • Epidural
  • Dura
  • Subdural
  • Arachnoid
  • Subarachnoid
  • Pia mater
49
Q

What is the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Is found in the subarachnoid space circulating around the CNS
It forms a filtrate that contains glucose, oxygen, vitamins, and ions

50
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

Contains permeable blood capillaries

51
Q

What are the major brain regions?

A

Cerebrum
Brainstem
Cerebellum

52
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal lobes
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

53
Q

Front of the cerebrum is the…

A

Motor

54
Q

Back of the cerebrum is…

A

Sensory

55
Q

The fissure in the middle of the brain is the…

A

Longitudinal fissure

56
Q

What are the gyrus and sulcus?

A

Gyros- encima

Sulcus - de lado

57
Q

What are the fissures?

A

Deep grooves

58
Q

What are the important brain structures?

A
  • Corpus Callosum
  • Hypothalamus
  • Limbic Center
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
59
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Subconscious motor control

60
Q

The corpus callosum…

A

Connects 2 hemispheres of the brain

61
Q

Hypothalamus is the …

A

Main visceral control center of the body

62
Q

The limbic center…

A

Involved in memory and emotion

63
Q

The temporal lobe…

A

Primary auditory cortex

64
Q

The occipital lobe is the…

A

Primary visual cortex

65
Q

How many cranial nerves are they?

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves

66
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Oculomotor nerve
  4. Trochlear Nerve
  5. Trigeminal nerve
  6. Abducens nerve
  7. Facial nerve
  8. Vestibulocochlear (acoustic or auditory) nerve
  9. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  10. Vagus nerve
  11. Accessory nerve
  12. Hypoglossal nerve
67
Q

What is the trigeminal nerve?

A

Sensation in the facial region

68
Q

What are the 4 ventricles?

A

Lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

69
Q

What are the ventricles?

A

Contain CSF (plasma)

Anatomy (13 decks)

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