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Anatomy > Chapter 8- Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous Sytem (PNS)?

A

The cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Is the communication between the CNS and the rest of the body. Are the wires that allow your CNS to communicate with the rest of your body

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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  • Sensory (afferent)

- Motor (efferent)

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4
Q

What means afferent?

A

Sensory, input

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5
Q

What means efferent?

A

Motor, output

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6
Q

What are the three functions of the CNS?

A
  • Sensory input
  • Integration
  • Motor output
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7
Q

Sensory…..

A

Detects and sends the info

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8
Q

Integration…

A

Decides what to do with the info

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9
Q

Motor input….

A

The response that occurs when the nervous system activates certain parts of the body

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10
Q

What are the two systems of the motor (efferent) division?

A
  • Somatic Nervous System

- Autonomic Nervous System

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11
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Voluntary

Rules your skeletal muscle movement

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12
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

A

Involuntary

Keeps your heart beating, your lungs breathing, and your stomach churning

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13
Q

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

A
  • Sympathetic division

- Parasympathetic division

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14
Q

What is the sympathetic division?

A

Mobilizes the body into action and gets it all fired up (fight or flight)

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15
Q

What is the parasympathetic division?

A

Relaxes the body and talks it down. Rest or digest

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16
Q

What is the Nervous system made of?

A

Cells called Neurons

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17
Q

What are the functions of the neuron?

A

Respond to stimuli and transmit signals

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18
Q

What are the parts of the neuron?

A
  • Dendrites
  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • Synaptic Knob
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19
Q

Dendrites…

A

Receives incoming signals

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20
Q

Cell body…

A

Contains nucleus

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21
Q

Axon…

A

Is the talker, extended cable. Releases neurotransmitters (chemical).
Transmit electrical impulses AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY to other cells
Action potential

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22
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A
  • Unipolar
  • Bipolar
  • Multipolar (most common)
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23
Q

Unipolar neurons…

A

Are mostly sensory neurons
One process extend from the cell body
Found mainly in the PNS
Commonly in the root ganglia

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24
Q

Multipolar neurons…

A

Are mostly motor and sends impulses away from the CNS. Are also association neurons inside the CNS between them send info.
The multipolar neuron has more insulation and has faster action potential.
Has many processes extend from the cell body
Most of them are interneurons that send impulses to the muscles

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25
What is the myelin sheath?
Like the plastic casing around and electrical cord, insulates the electrical impulse
26
Bipolar neurons...
Has two processes extend from the cell body Special senses Rare
27
What means ganglia?
Gang of neurons | Grupo
28
What is the general structure (tubes within tubes) of a nerve?
1. Nerve (plastic of the cable) 2. Fascicle (los cablecitos dentro del plastico) 3. Myelinated axon ( alambres dentro del cablecito) 4. Axon (el nucleo del alambre)
29
What is the organization of connective tissues?
1. Epineurium (primera capa) 2. Perineurium (segunda capa de los cablecitos) 3. Endoneurium (la ultima capa antes de el neurolemmocyte)
30
How many spinal nerves are in the body?
31 PAIRS of spinal nerves
31
How is the structure of the spinal nerves in order?
``` Cervical Plexus Brachial plexus Intercostal nerves Lumbar plexus (entanglement of nerves) Sacral plexus Cauda equina (tail) (horsetail) ```
32
What is the conus medullaris?
Inferior end of the spinal cord
33
What are the five nerves to know or the arm?
1. Axillary nerve 2. Musculocutaneus nerve 3. Median nerve 4. Ulnar nerve 5. Radial nerve
34
What is the carpal tunnel syndrome?
When your fingers feel dumb
35
What are the nerves to know of the leg?
``` Lateral femoral cutaneous (el mas salido) Obturator nerve (el del morado) Femoral nerve (el que se divide en tres) Sciatic nerve (thickest, que se have detras de l hueso) Common fibular nerve (abajo de la rodilla) Tibial nerve (detras de la rodilla, el gruesito) ```
36
What are the meninges of the spinal cord?
1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid 3. Pia mater
37
What are the meninges?
The layers of the spinal cord
38
What are parts of the spinal cord structure?
Dorsal root Dorsal root ganglion Ventral root Dorsal ramus
39
What is the dorsal root?
Nerves that enter the back of the spinal cord | Contains only sensory axons
40
What is the dorsal root ganglion?
Contains the neuron cell bodies of sensory neurons
41
What is ganglion?
Group if neurons
42
What is ventral root?
Contains only motor axons
43
Ventral is...
Motor info glands travels to muscles, organs
44
Dorsal is...
Sensory info travels to CNS
45
What are the back and front part of the spinal cord?
Back - SENSORY | Front - Motor
46
What is the gray matter?
``` Multipolar neurons (interneurons). Decisions Occur ```
47
What the parts of the butterfly spinal cord?
Gray commissure Dorsal horn Ventral horn Lateral horn
48
What is the right organization of the cranial meninges (from dura to pia)
- Epidural - Dura - Subdural - Arachnoid - Subarachnoid - Pia mater
49
What is the cerebrospinal fluid?
Is found in the subarachnoid space circulating around the CNS It forms a filtrate that contains glucose, oxygen, vitamins, and ions
50
What is the choroid plexus?
Contains permeable blood capillaries
51
What are the major brain regions?
Cerebrum Brainstem Cerebellum
52
What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal lobes Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe
53
Front of the cerebrum is the...
Motor
54
Back of the cerebrum is...
Sensory
55
The fissure in the middle of the brain is the...
Longitudinal fissure
56
What are the gyrus and sulcus?
Gyros- encima | Sulcus - de lado
57
What are the fissures?
Deep grooves
58
What are the important brain structures?
- Corpus Callosum - Hypothalamus - Limbic Center - Frontal lobe - Parietal lobe - Temporal lobe - Occipital lobe
59
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Subconscious motor control
60
The corpus callosum...
Connects 2 hemispheres of the brain
61
Hypothalamus is the ...
Main visceral control center of the body
62
The limbic center...
Involved in memory and emotion
63
The temporal lobe...
Primary auditory cortex
64
The occipital lobe is the...
Primary visual cortex
65
How many cranial nerves are they?
12 pairs of cranial nerves
66
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
1. Olfactory nerve 2. Optic nerve 3. Oculomotor nerve 4. Trochlear Nerve 5. Trigeminal nerve 6. Abducens nerve 7. Facial nerve 8. Vestibulocochlear (acoustic or auditory) nerve 9. Glossopharyngeal nerve 10. Vagus nerve 11. Accessory nerve 12. Hypoglossal nerve
67
What is the trigeminal nerve?
Sensation in the facial region
68
What are the 4 ventricles?
Lateral ventricle Third ventricle Fourth ventricle
69
What are the ventricles?
Contain CSF (plasma)

Anatomy (13 decks)

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