Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 9- Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Digestive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Intracellular Digestion

A

Involves oxidation of glucose and fatty acid to make energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does extra cellular digestion occur?

A

In the lumen of the elementary canal. (Runs from the mouth to the anus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mechanical versus chemical digestion

A

Mechanical digestion is the physical breakdown of large food particles into smaller food particles. Chemical digestion is an enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds such as the peptide bonds of proteins or the glycosidic bonds of starches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the path of food through the digestive system

A

Oral cavity > Pharynx > Esophagus > Stomach > Small intestine > Large intestine > Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the enteric nervous system?

A

In the wall of the elementary canal and controls peristalsis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which branch of the nervous system controls peristalsis

A

Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system‘s.

The parasympathetic nervous system upregulates the digestive system. The sympathetic nervous system downregulates the digestive system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which hormone promotes hunger? Which hormone promotes the satiety?

A

Ghrelin, Glucagon

Leptin, Cholecystokinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What hormone promotes thirst?

A

ADH (vasopressin) and aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mouth

A

Start of mechanical digestion through mastication.

Salivary amylase and lipase start a chemical digestion of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What enzymes chemically break down food in the mouth?

A

Salivary amylase and lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is food called once it is broken down within the mouth?

A

Bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharynx

A

Connects the mouth and posterior nasal cavity to the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What sphincter separates the lower esophagus and the stomach?

A

The lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What propels food down the esophagus

A

Peristalsis (contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four parts of the stomach?

A

Fundus-Top
Body-Long curved side
Antrum- thinner transition into small intestine
Pylorus- bottom portion that connects to small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cells that line the stomach 

A

Mucous cells
Chief cells
Parietal cells
G cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mucous cells

A

produces bicarbonate rich mucus to protect the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chief cells

A

Secretes pepsinogen, a protease activated by the acidic environment of the stomach

20
Q

Parietal cells

A

Secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption

21
Q

G cells

A

Secrete gastrin a peptide hormone that increases HCl secretion and gastric motility

22
Q

What is food particles called after mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach?

A

Chyme

23
Q

Food passes from the stomach into the duodenum of the small intestine through which sphincter?

A

Pyloric sphincter

24
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum- site of chemical digestion
The jejunum-nutrient absorption
The ileum-nutrient absorption

25
Q

The presence of chyme in the duodenum causes the release of which enzymes?

A

Brush border enzymes such as disaccharides (Maltase isomaltase lactase and sucrase) and peptidases (dipeptidase)

Responsible for breakdown of dimers and trimers of biomolecules into absorbable monomers.

26
Q

Where a brush border enzymes present?

A

On the luminal surface of the cells lining the duodenum

27
Q

Role of disaccharidaces in digestion

A

Disaccharidase digest disaccharides in the duodenum. Examples include maltase which digests maltose, lactase which digests lactose and sucrase that digests sucrose. Lack of a particular disaccharidase causes an inability to break down the corresponding disaccharide.

Undigestive disaccharides have an osmotic effect and pull water into the stool causing diarrhea.

28
Q

What is bile

A

A complex fluid composed of bile salts, pigments, and cholesterol.

Aids in digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine.

Made up of pigments, bile salts, pigments such as bilirubin (from the breakdown of hemoglobin) and cholesterol

which can be stored in the gallbladder or secreted in the duodenum directly.

29
Q

Bile salts

A

Derived from cholesterol.

Important role in the mechanical digestion of fats and facilitate the chemical digestion of lipids.

Emulsifies fats and cholesterol into micelles. 

30
Q

Pancreatic juice

A

Complex mixture of several enzymes in a bicarbonate rich alkaline solution. Help neutralize acidic chyme and provides an ideal working environment for a digestive enzymes. 

31
Q

Enteropeptidase

A

Activates trypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase initiating an activation cascade

32
Q

Secretin

A

Stimulates the release of pancreatic juices into the digestive tract slows motility

33
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Stimulates

34
Q

Aminar cells

A

Located in the pancreas, produces pancreatic juices that contain by carbonate, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic peptidases such as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidases and pancreatic lipase

35
Q

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A

Processes nutrients through glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, storage and mobilization of fats and gluconeogenesis

Produces urea. 
Detoxifies chemicals. 
Activates or in a activates medication. 
Produces bile. 
Synthesizes albumin and clotting factors.
36
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

37
Q

The villi in the small intestine contain what two structures that interacts with the lymphatic system?

A

A capillary bed and a lack teal or a vessel of the lymphatic system

38
Q

What compounds enter the capillary bed within the valet of the small intestine?

A

Water soluble compounds such as monosaccharides, amino acids, water soluble vitamins, small fatty acids, and water

39
Q

What types of molecules enter the lack teals in the valley of the small intestine?

A

Fat soluble soluble such as fats cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins.

40
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorbs water and salts, forming semisolid feces

41
Q

Cecum

A

Out pocketing that accepts fluid from the small intestine through the ileocecal valve. Site of attachment of the appendix.

42
Q

Parts of the colon

A

Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

43
Q

What valve accepts fluid from the small intestine?

A

Ileocecal valve

44
Q

Rectum

A

Stores feces to be excreted through the anus

45
Q

Gut bacteria produces which vitamins?

A

Vitamin K and vitamin B7 a.k.a. biotin

Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions