Chapter 2-Reproduction Flashcards
What are the five stages of the cell cycle?
G1-Increase in Cell Size, Creation of Organelles, Restriction Point 1
S-DNA replication
G2-Replication of Organelles, FURTHER cell growth, Restriction point 2
M-Mitosis/Cytokinesis
G0-Normal cell processes. DOES NOT prepare for division.
What stages of the cell cycle are also known as interphase?
G1,S,G2
What is the role of P53?
Plays a role in the two major checkpoints in the cell cycle. (G1 to S and G2 to M)
What is the role of cyclones and cycling dependent kinases?
CDK requires the binding of cyclin. Together they aid in phosphorylating transcription factors that help with with the process of transcription. Transcription of genes is necessary for the stages of cell cycle.
What stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
What is synapsis?
Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes that occurs during prophase one of meiosis.
What is Mendels first law?
The law of segregation. When homologous chromosomes are separated during telophase one of meiosis.
What is Mendels second law?
The law of independent assortment. Genetic material is diversified by crossing over which occurs in prophase one of meiosis.
What is interkinesis?
Interkinesis is the period of rest between meiosis one of meiosis two.
Mitosis yields haploid or diploid cells? How many cells does a yield?
Yields two identical daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
The splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells during the final stage of mitosis (telophase)
What chromosome are the sex chromosomes?
Chromosome 23
What region of the Y chromosome causes the gonads to differentiate into testes?
SRY (Sex determining region Y)
Where do sperm develop?
In the semiferous tubules of the testes
What cells nourish the testes?
Sertoli
What cells of the male reproductive system secrete testosterone and other male sex hormones?
Interstitial cells of Leydig
Where do the sperm gain mobility?
Epididymis
Where are sperm stored until ejaculation?
Epididymis
What is the pathway of sperm?
Seminal Vesicles Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct N Urethra Penis
What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
Contribute fructose to nourish sperm and produces alkaline fluid.
What is the purpose of the prostate gland?
Produces alkaline fluid.
What is the purpose of the bulbourethral glands?
Produces a clear viscous fluid that cleans out any remnants of urine and lubricates the urethra during sexual arousal.
What glands produce seminal fluid?
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland.
What are male germ cells called after the S stage?
Primary spermatocytes
What are male germ cells called after meiosis one?
Secondary spermatocytes
What are male germ cells called after meiosis two?
Spermatids