Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Calorie:
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
What does a capital “C” on food labels represent?
A kilocalorie; 1000 calories.
What is glycolysis, and how much energy can it produce?
It only releases a small amount of energy (2ATP). When there is oxygen, it leads to two other pathways that release a bunch more (32ATP). When there is no oxygen, it leads to another pathway.
What does glycolysis do?
It breaks glucose in half to make energy.
Cellular Respiration:
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules with oxygen.
1. Happens in the mitochondria
The equation for cellular respiration:
6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ = 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy(ATP’s)
or
6Oxygen + 1glucose = 6carbon dioxide + 6water + ATP’s
Products of Glycolysis:
2 ATP, 2 pyruvates
Aerobic Respiration:
Needs Oxygen,
Produces 36 ATP’s per glucose molecule
What is an NAD+?
It holds a pair of high-energy electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules.
What is NADH?
It is what NAD+ is called once it takes on two high-energy electrons.
Fermentation
Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP’s in the absence of oxygen
What does anaerobic mean?
It means “not in air”
What are the two main types of fermentation?
Alcoholic Fermentation,
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Anaerobic Respiration
Doesn’t need oxygen,
Produces 2 ATP’s per glucose molecule,
Causes the production of lactic acids
An example of Alcoholic Fermentation;
What are the wastes?
Eg. Yeasts;
Ethyl alcohol and CO₂ as wastes
