Chapter 14 - The Human Genome Flashcards
Karyotype
A picture of chromosomes
Two chromosomes that are either x or y
Sex chromosomes
Autosomes
Any chromosomes other than sex chromosomes
Pedigree
Diagram to determine inheritance
What patterns of inheritance does blood type have?
Multiple Alleles, Codominance
Albinism Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Lack of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes.
Recessive Alleles
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Excess mucus in lungs, digestive tract, liver; increased susceptibility to infections.
Recessive Alleles
Galactosemia Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Accumulation of galactose in tissues; mental retardation; eye and liver damage.
Recessive Alleles
Phenylketonuria (PKU) Sypmtoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Accumulation of phenylalinine in tissues; lack of normal skin pigment; mental retardation.
Recessive Alleles
Tay-sachs Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Lipid Accumulation in brain cells; mental deficiency; blindness; death in early childhood.
Recessive Alleles
Achondroplasia Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Dwarfism (one form).
Dominant Alleles
Huntington Disease Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Mental Deterioration and uncontrollable movements;
symptoms usually appear in middle age.
Dominant Alleles
Hypercholesterolemia Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Excess cholesterol in blood; heart disease.
Dominant Alleles
Sickle Cell Disease Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles?
Misshapen, or sickled, red blood cells; damage to many tissues.
Codominant Alleles
What makes an allele dominant or recessive?
Its role and protein product in the cell.
If only one copy of a normal allele can supply cells with enough chloride channel proteins to function, how many phenotypes will it have?
Two Phenotypes
Sex-Linked Genes:
Genes that appear on only x or y chromosomes, or are inherited from only one of these two
Colorblindness: Is it sex-linked? If so, to which chromosome?
Yes; to the x chromosome
Name diseases that are x-linked:
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy,
Melanoma,
Colorblindness,
Hemophilia
Hemophillia Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles? Sex-linked? If so, to what?
Lack of protein needed for blood clotting; often times early death.
Recessive Alleles;
X-linked
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Symptoms - Caused by recessive, dominant , or codominant alleles? Sex-linked? If so, to what?
Progressive loss of skeletal muscle.
Recessive Alleles
X-Linked;
Nondisjunction:
When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis. Means not coming apart. Results in a disorder of chromosome numbers
Down Syndrome Symptoms
Has a trisomy in chromosome number 21; mild to severe mental retardation; increased susceptibility to diseases and higher frequency of birth defects.
Sex Chromosome Disorders
Turner’s Syndrome, Klinefelter’s Syndrome
