Chapter 1 ' The Science of Biology Flashcards
Science
An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
Spontaneous Generation
The hypothesis that life could arise from non-living
matter
Controlled Experiment
Where all variables are kept the same, or controlled, except one; only one variable is changed at a time
Manipulated Variable
The variable that is intentionally changed
Responding Variable
The variable that changed in response to the manipulated variable
Observation
Gathering info about events/processes in an orderly way. Generally uses sight and hearing.
Data
Info gathered from the observations`
Inference
Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge/experience
Hypothesis
Proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations
Who and in what year disproved the spontaneous generation hypothesis?
Louis Pasteur, in 1864
Theory
A hypothesis with enough scientific evidence/support that scientists call it a theory; supported by many observations
Biology
The study of life
The characteristics of living things:
- They are made up of cells
- They reproduce
- They are based on a universal genetic code
- They grow and DEVELOP
- They obtain and use materials and energy
- They respond to their environment
- They maintain a stable internal environment
- As a group, living things change over time
Metric System
A measurement system that’s units increase in multiples of ten. (Study the Metric System deck)
Microscope
Used to see very small things
Compound Light Microscope
Allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to focus/form the image
Electron Microscope
Use electrons to produce images.
What is a T.E.M., and what does it do?
Transmission Electron Microscope;
It shines a thin beam of electrons through a thin specimen. They reveal incredible detail.
What is an S.E.M., and what does it do?
Scanning Electron Microscope;
It scans a narrow beam of electrons across the surface of the specimen. They produce an accurate 3D model of the specimen.
Cell Culture
A group of cells
Cell Fractionation
Used to separate the organelles in cell;
- Cells are broken into pieces with a “special” blender
- The broken cell bits are added to a liquid placed in a tube
- The tube is put in a centrifuge
- A Biologist then removes the specific part of the cell to be studied
