Chapter 12- Section 3 and 4 Flashcards
What is transcription, and where does it occur in the cell?
The Production of mRNA from DNA. It happens in the nucleus.
What is RNA Polymerase used for?
Used to transcribe.
What are promoters?
Where the RNA ploymerase bonds to the DNA.
What are Introns?
Sequences of nucleotides in DNA that do not code for proteins.
What are exons?
The DNA sequences that code for proteins.
What is a codon?
A section of three nucleotides on mRNA that specify a specific amino acid.
What is translation?
The decoding of mRNA into a protein, or polypeptide.
What is an anticodon?
Three nucleotides on tRNA that connect to the corresponding codon on mRNA to perform protein synthesis.
What are point mutations?
Gene mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides.
What are frameshift mutations?
They are mutations in which the entire strand is affected by one section being deleted, substituted, or inserted, which “shifts” the reading frame.
What is substitution?
When one or more nucleotides are replaced by a different one.
What are insertions?
When a new nucleotide is inserted into the strand, which shifts the entire strand’s codon order.
What is deletion?
When one or more genes are deleted, or removed, from the chromosome.
What is duplication?
When one or more nucleotides are copied, so there is one too many of one gene. .
What is inversion?
When a section of genes’ order is reversed - so in ABCD, if BC were inverted, it would be ACBD.
