Chapter 9 Cell Cycle

Question 1

In unicellular organisms division of one cell..

Answer 1

Reproduces the entire organism

Question 2

Cell Cycle

Answer 2

The life of a cell from its formation to its own division

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

All the DNA in a cell

Question 4

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

A complex of DNA and protein in Eukaryotic chromosomes

Question 6

Somatic cells have _____ sets of chromosomes

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Gametes are reproductive cells and have one set of

Answer 7

Chromosomes

Question 8

Sister Chromatids

Answer 8

Joined identical copies of the original chromosome

Question 9

The ________ is where the two chromatids are most closely attached

Answer 9

Centromere

Question 10

Eukaryotic cell division consist of __________, the division of the genetic material in the nucleus.

____________ is the division of the cytoplasm

Answer 10

Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Question 11

Gametes are produced by

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

Meiosis yields non identical daughter cells that have only _______ set of chromosomes

Answer 12

1

Question 13

___________developed dyes to observe chromosomes during mitosis and cytokinesis in 1882

Answer 13

Walther Flemming

Question 14

The cell cycle consists of

Answer 14

Mototic phase and Interphase

Question 15

Interphase can be divided into 3 subphases

Answer 15

G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase

The cell grows during all three phases but chromosomes are duplicated only during the S phase

Question 16

Mitosis is divided into 5 phases

Answer 16

Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 17

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 17

A structure made of microtubules and associates proteins

Question 18

Mitotic Spindle controls

Answer 18

Chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 19

In animal cells assembly of spindle microtubules begins in the _________, a type of microtubule organizing center

Answer 19

Centrosome

Question 20

The centrosome replicates during________

Answer 20

Interphase

Question 21

The two centrosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell during

Answer 21

Prophase and prometaphase

Question 22

Aster

Answer 22

Radical array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome

Question 23

The spindle includes the

Answer 23

Centrosomes, the spindle microtubules and the asters

Question 24

Kinetochores

Answer 24

Are protein complexes that assemble on sections of DNA at centromeres

Question 25

During __________ , some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochors of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes

Answer 25

Prometaphase

Question 26

At metaphase the centeomeres of all the chromosomes are at the ___________, an imaginary structure at the midway point between the spindles two poles

Answer 26

Metaphase plate

Question 27

Sister chromatids separate and move along the kinetochore microtubules towards opposite ends of the cell during_________

Answer 27

Anaphase

Question 28

The microtubules shorten by

Answer 28

Depolymerizing at their kinetochore ends

Question 29

Chromosomes are also reeled in by

Answer 29

Motor proteins at spindle poles, and microtubules depolymerize after they pass by the motor proteins

Question 30

___________ from opposite poles overlap and push against each other elongating the cell

Answer 30

Nonkinetochore microtubules

Question 31

In this phase, duplicate groups of chromosomes have arrived at opposite ends of the elongated parent cell

Answer 31

Anaphase

Question 32

Cytokinesis begins during ________or __________ , and the spindle eventually disassembles

Answer 32

Anaphase or telophase

Question 33

Cytokinesis occurs by a process known as

Answer 33

Cleavage, forming a cleavage furrow

Question 34

In plant cells a _________forms during cytokinesis

Answer 34

Cell plate

Question 35

Prokaryotes reproduce by a type of cell division called

Answer 35

Binary fission

Question 36

In ecoli single chromosome replicates at the

Answer 36

Origin of replication

Question 37

Mitosis likely evolved from

Answer 37

Binary fission

Question 38

The cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

The __________controls the sequential events of the cell cycle

Answer 39

Cell cycle control system

Question 40

The cell cycle control system is regulated by both

Answer 40

Internal and external controls

Question 41

The clock has specific ___________ where the cell cycle stops until a go ahead signal is received

Answer 41

Checkpoints

Question 42

For many cells, the ___checkpoint seems to be the most important.

Answer 42

G1, if a cell receives a go ahead signal at the G1 it will usually complete S, G2 and M phases

Question 43

If a cell does not receive the go ahead signal, it will exit the cycle switching into a non dividing state called

Answer 43

Go Phase

Question 44

The cell cycle is regulated by a set of __________ and __________including kinases and proteins called_________

Answer 44

Regulatory proteins, protein complexes, cyclins

Question 45

Some external signals are __________, Proteins released by certain cells that stimulate other cells to divide

Answer 45

Growth factors

Question 46

An example of external signals is _____________ I which crowded cells stop dividing

Answer 46

Dependent inhibition

Question 47

Anchorage Dependence

Answer 47

Signal in which cells must be attached to a substratum in order to divide

Question 48

________ cells exhibit neither density dependent inhibition nor anchorage dependence

Answer 48

Cancer

Question 49

A normal cell is converted to a cancer cell by a process called

Answer 49

Transformation

Question 50

If abnormal cells remain only at the original site the lump is called a

Answer 50

Benign tumor

Question 51

DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules called ________, which separate during mitosis

Answer 51

Sister chromatids

Question 52

Microtubules attach to chromosomes at the

Answer 52

Kinetochore

Question 53

Mitotic spindle

Answer 53

A cell structure consisting of microtubules which forms during early mitosis

Question 54

During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called

Answer 54

Chromatin

Question 55

The ____________are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis

Answer 55

Centrosomes

Question 56

The DNA is replicated in the

Answer 56

S phase

Question 57

The centrosome replicates in the

Answer 57

G2 phase

Question 58

G1

Answer 58

Cells create organelles for energy and protein production and increase in size

Question 59

S Stage

Answer 59

Cell replicates it’s genetic material

Question 60

G2

Answer 60

After synthesis but before Prophase

Question 61

Prophase

Answer 61

Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes Centriole pairs separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell Centrioles form spindle fibers

Question 62

Metaphase

Answer 62

Chromosomes convene on the metaphase plate

Question 63

Anaphase

Answer 63

Begins when paired centromeres of each chromosome separate The kinetochore fibers shorten and the nonkinetochore fibers lengthen Each chromatid is now considered a chromosome

Question 64

Telephase

Answer 64

Reverse of prophase Spindle apparatus disappears Nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes and the nucleoli reappear

Question 65

Cytokinesis

Answer 65

Formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells which punches the cell in two