Chapter 15 Regulation Of Gene Expression

Question 1

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes alter gene expression in response

Answer 1

To their changing environment

Question 2

A cell can regulate the production of enzymes by

Answer 2

Feedback inhibition or gene regulation

Question 3

Gene expression in bacteria is controlled by a process called

Answer 3

The Operon model

Question 4

A group of functionally related genes can be coordinately controlled by a single

Answer 4

On-off switch

Question 5

The regulatory switch is a segment of dna called

Answer 5

An operator

Question 6

An ________is the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promotor, and the genes they control

Answer 6

Operon

Question 7

The Operon can be switched off by a protein

Answer 7

Repressor

Question 8

The repressor is the product of a separate

Answer 8

Regulatory gene

Question 9

A _________ is a molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an Operon off

Answer 9

Corepressor

Question 10

Two types of negative gene regulation

Answer 10

Repressible

Inducable

Question 11

A repressible Operon is usually

Answer 11

On

Question 12

An inducible Operon is usually

Answer 12

Off

Question 13

A molecule called the__________ inactivates the repressor

Answer 13

Inducer

Question 14

Inducible enzymes usually function in

Answer 14

Catabolic pathways

Question 15

Repressible enzymes usually function in

Answer 15

Anabolic pathways

Question 16

Differential gene expression

Answer 16

The expression of different genes by cells within the same genome

Question 17

Gene expression is commonly controlled at

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

Histone Acetylation

Answer 18

Acetyl groups are attached to positively charged lysine and histone tails

Question 19

DNA methylation

Answer 19

Is the addition of methyl groups to certain bases in DNA, usually cytosine

Question 20

Epigenetic Inheritance

Answer 20

The inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence

Question 21

Control Elements

Answer 21

Segments of non coding DNA that serve as binding sites for transcription factors

Question 22

Enhancers

Answer 22

Distal control elements may be far from a gene or located in an intron

Question 23

Alternative RNA splicing

Answer 23

Different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript

Question 24

Eukaryotic mRNA generally survives longer than

Answer 24

Prokaryotic mRNA

Question 25

MicroRNA

Answer 25

Small, single stranded RNA molecules that can bind to complementary mRNA sequences

Question 26

The phenomenon of inhibition of gene expression by small interfering RNA is called

Answer 26

RNA interference

Question 27

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Answer 27

The base pairing of a strand of nucleic Acid to its complementary sequence

Question 28

Nucleic Acid Probe

Answer 28

Short single stranded DNA or RNA

Question 29

In Situ Hybridization

Answer 29

Seeing in place in the intact organisms

Question 30

Reverse transcriptase polymerase

Answer 30

Method for comparing the amounts of specific mRNA in several different samples

It turns sets of mRNA into double stranded DNA with the corresponding sequences

Question 31

Complementary DNA

Answer 31

A DNA copy of mRNA

Question 32

DNA Microassays

Answer 32

Contains tiny amounts of many single stranded DNA fragments affixed to the slide in a grid