Chapter 3 Carbon Compounds And Life

Question 1

Four main classes of molecules for living things:

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleus Acids

Question 2

Isomers

Answer 2

Same number of atoms but different structures and properties

Question 3

Structural Isomers

Answer 3

Differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

Question 4

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 4

Carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms but have different spatial arrangement due to inflexible double bonds

Question 5

Enantiomers

Answer 5

Mirror images of each other

Question 6

Seven functional groups most important to chemistry of life

Answer 6

Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl 
Amino
Sulfhydryl 
Phosphate 
Methyl

Question 7

ATP consist of adenosine attaches to a string of

Answer 7

Three phosphate groups

Question 8

ATP stores the potential to react with

Answer 8

Water, releasing energy that can be used by the cell

Question 9

Dehydration Reaction

Answer 9

Two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Polymers are disassembled to monomers

Question 11

Carbohydrates include

Answer 11

Sugars and the polymers of sugars

Question 12

Covalent bond joining saccharide

Answer 12

Glycosidic linkage

Question 13

Starch

Answer 13

A storage polysaccharide of plants consist entirely of glucose monomers

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

Is a storage polysaccharide in animals

Question 15

Cellulose

Answer 15

Polysaccharide that is a major component of tough wall of plant cells

Question 16

Chitin

Answer 16

A structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of Arthropods and cell walls for fungi

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

Little to no affinity for water,

Question 18

Fats are constructed from

Answer 18

Two types of smaller molecules glycerol and fatty acids

Question 19

Glycerol is a

Answer 19

Three carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group on each carbon

Question 20

Fatty Acid

Answer 20

A carboxyl group attaches to a long carbon skeleton

Question 21

In a fat, three fatty acids are joined together by:

Answer 21

An Esther linkage, creating a triglyceride

Question 22

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 22

Have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds

Question 23

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 23

Have one or more double bonds

Question 24

Major function of fat is:

Answer 24

Energy storage

Question 25

Phospholipid

Answer 25

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attaches to glycerol

Fatty acid tails are hydrophobic but phosphate group form a hydrophilic head

Cell membranes

Question 26

Steroids

Answer 26

Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings

Question 27

Cholesterols

Answer 27

An important steroid is a component in animal cell membranes

Question 28

Enzymatic proteins act as

Answer 28

Catalysts to speed up reactions without being consumed in the reaction.

Question 29

Polypeptides

Answer 29

Are unbranched polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids

Question 30

A protein

Answer 30

Is a biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides

Question 31

Amino acids are linked by

Answer 31

Peptide bonds

Question 32

Loss of proteins native structure

Answer 32

Denaturation

Question 33

Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a

Answer 33

Gene

Made of dna

Question 34

Two types of nucleic acids

Answer 34

DNA

RNA

Question 35

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 35

Sequence of amino acids

Question 36

Secondary protein structure

Answer 36

Coils or folds from polypeptide chains

Question 37

Two types of secondary structures

Answer 37

Alpha helix-coil held together by hydrogen bonds

Beta pleated sheets- two or more segments of the polypeptide chain lying side by side connected by hydrogen bonds

Question 38

Tertiary structure

Answer 38

Overall shape of the polypeptide

Question 39

Quaternary structure

Answer 39

Overall structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide chains

Question 40

Nucleic acids

Answer 40

Are polymers made of monomers called nucleic acids