Chapter 8 Photosynthesis Flashcards
Photosynthesis
The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
Autotrophs
Sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
Producers of the biosphere
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Obtain their organic material from other organisms
Consumers of the biosphere
Heterotrophs
________are the major locations of photosynthesis
Leaves
Chloroplasts are found mainly in cells of the __________
Mesophyll, the interior tissue of the leaf
CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called __________
Stomata
The chlorophyll is in the membranes of ______________
Thylakoids-connected sacs in the chloroplast
Thylakoids may be stacked in columns called
Grana
Chloroplast also contain_______ a dense interior fluid
Stroma
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6 H2O
Chloroplasts split _______ into hydrogen and oxygen
H2O
Photosynthesis is a redox process in which H2O is oxidized and _______ is reduced
CO2
Photosynthesis is an _____________ process ; the energy boost is provided by light
Endergonic
Photosynthesis consists of the _________ cycle and the __________ __________ cycle
Light, Calvin
The light reactions:
Split H2O
Release O2
Reduce the electron acceptor NADP+ to NADPH
Generate ATP from ADP by adding a phosphate group, photo phosphorylation
The Calvin Cycle:
In the stroma, forms sugar from CO2, using ATP and NADPH
The Calvin cycle begins with __________, incorporating CO2 into organic molecules
Carbon fixation
Thylakoids transform
Light energy into the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
Light is a form of
Electromagnetic energy also called electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength is the
Distance between waves
Wavelength determines
The type of electromagnetic energy
The electromagnetic spectrum is the
Entire range of electromagnetic energy
Visible light consists of wavelengths that
Produce color we can see
Light behaves as though it consists of discrete particles called
Photons
Visible light spectrum is from ________ to _________
380 nm to 750 nm
Shorter wavelength equals _________ energy while longer wavelength equals ________ energy
Higher, lower
Pigments are substances that
Absorb visible light
Wavelengths that are not absorbed are
Reflected or transmitted
Leaves appear green because chlorophyll reflects and transmits green light.
A spectrophotometer measures
A pigments ability to absorb various wavelengths
An absorption spectrum is a graph that plots a
Pigments light absorption versus wavelengths
The absorption spectrum for chlorophyll suggests that
Violet blue and red light work best for photosynthesis
Accessory pigments include chlorophyll B and a group of pigments called
Carotenoids
An __________ spectrum profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation on a driving process
Action
The main photosynthetic pigment is
Chlorophyll A
Accessory pigments
Broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis
Accessory pigments called _________ absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll
Carotenoids
Three phases of the Calvin cycle
Carbon fixation
Reduction
Regeneration of the CO2 receptor
CAM plants
Crassulacean acid metabolism plants open their stigmata at night incorporating CO2 into organic acids
