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Biology 1306 > Chapter 4 Tour Of The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Tour Of The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is dna in a eukaryotic cell?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

Where is dna in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Nucleoid

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3
Q

Interior of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

What functions as a selective barrier at the boundary of every cell?

A

Plasma membrane

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5
Q

Plasma membrane is composed of

A

Double layer of phospholipids with various proteins attaches or embedded in it

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6
Q

Flagellum

A

Motility structure present in some animal cells

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7
Q

Centrosome

A

Region where the cells microtubules are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A 
Reinforces the cell shape, functions in movement, components made of protein.  Include
Microfiliments 
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microville
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9
Q

Perixisomes

A

Organelle that produces hydrogen peroxide as a by product and then coverts it to water

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10
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Organelle where cellular respiration takes place and most ATP is generated

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11
Q

Lysosome

A

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolized

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12
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Organelle active in synthesis sorting and secretion of cell products

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13
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins, small dots free in cytosine or bound to rough er or nuclear envelopes

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14
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Membrane enclosing the cell

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15
Q

Nucleus consists of three parts

A

Nuclear envelope, nucleolis, chromatin

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16
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane enclosing nucleus

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17
Q

Nucleolis

A

Nonmembranous structure involved in the production of ribosomes

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18
Q

Chromatin

A

Material consisting of dna and proteins

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19
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Network of membranous sacs and tunes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes. Has rough and smooth regions

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20
Q

Cell wall (plants)

A

Outer layer that maintains the cells shape and protects from damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides and protein

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21
Q

Plasmodesmata (plant cell)

A

Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

22
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthetic organelle coverts energy of sunlight to chemical energy

23
Q

Central vacuole

A

Organelle In older plants breakdown of waste products and hydrolysis of macromolecules

24
Q

The ______contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell

A

Nucleus

25
Q

Within the nucleus DNA is organized into discrete units called

A

Chromosomes

26
Q

The complex of dna and proteins making up a chromosomes are called

A

Chromatin

27
Q

Three main types of cell junctions in animal cells

A

Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions

28
Q

Tight junctions

A

Plasma membranes of neighboring cells are pressed tightly together bound by proteins

29
Q

Desmosomes

A

Function like rivers fastening cells together into strong sheets

30
Q

Gap junctions

A

Provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to another similar to plasmodesmata in plants

31
Q

Three important parameters of microscopy

A

Magnification, resolution, contrast

32
Q

Two types of electron microscopes

A

Scanning and transmission

33
Q

Basic features of all cells

A

Plasma membrane
Cytosol
Chromosomes
Ribosomes

34
Q

The shape of the nucleus is maintained by the

A

Nuclear lamina

35
Q

Components of the endomembrane

A 
Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum 
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma membrane
36
Q

Smooth er

A

Synthesis lipids
Metabolizes carbs
Detoxifies drugs and poisons
Stores calcium ions

37
Q

Rough er

A

Has bound ribosomes which secrete glycoproteins

Distributes transport vesicles, protein surrounded by membranes

Is a membrane factory for the cell

38
Q

Golgi app

A

Modified products of the er

Sorts and packages

Manufacturers macromolecules

39
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cells engulfs another cell

40
Q

Autophagy

A

Recycle the cells own organelles

41
Q

Vacuoles

A

Large vessicles derived from the er and Golgi

42
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Smooth outer membrane folded into cristae

Inner membrane creates two compartments, the inter membrane space and mitochondrial matrix

Cristae present a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize atp

43
Q

Chloroplast structure includes

A

Thylakoids, membranous sacs, stacked to form a granum

Stroma- the internal fluid

44
Q

Chloroplast is one group of plant organelle called

A

Plastids

45
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasms

46
Q

3 types of fiber make up the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules - thickest

Microfiliments -thinnest

Intermediate filaments -middle

47
Q

In animal cells microtubules grow out from a

A

Centrosome

48
Q

The centrosome is a

A

Microtubule organizing center

The centrosome has a pair of centrioles, each with nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring

49
Q

Protein that drives the bending movement of flagella and cilium

A

Dynein

50
Q

What proteins interact to cause muscle contraction

A

Actin and myosin

Biology 1306 (16 decks)

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