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pharmacology > chapter 9 and 17 > Flashcards

chapter 9 and 17 Flashcards

1
Q

most toxic drugs in use today, act by killing cancer cells through damaging cell dna or interfering with dna synthesis

A

antineoplastics

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2
Q

what are the 3 most common effects of antineoplastic drugs

A

nausea and vomiting, candidiasis or oral mucositis, and alopecia(hair loss)

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3
Q

other toxic effects include bone marrow suppression(inhibition of blood cell replication in bone marrow) and resulting _____ which is a decrease in neutrophils or wbc’s)

A

leukopenia

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4
Q

leukopenia predisposes patients to serious____ and _____ leading to serious bleeding problems

A

infection and thrombocytopenia

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5
Q

what are some alkylating agents

A

cytoxan, alkeran, paraplatin, platinol. bicnu

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6
Q

what are some antimetabolites(dna synthesis inhibitors)

A

floxuridine, methotrexate, purinethol

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7
Q

what are some antitumor antibiotics

A

all the ones with hcl

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8
Q

what are some plant alkaloids or extracts

A

vinblastine, taxol

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9
Q

what are some hormones and antagonists

A

lupron, tamoxifen

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10
Q

primarily affect cells that are actively multiplying

A

cell cycle specific antineoplastics ccs

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11
Q

kill cells that are actively multiplying or at rest; more toxic to normal cells than the ccs agents, but good for slow-growing neoplasms

A

cell cyclic nonspecific ccns

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12
Q

what is a major cause of cancer treatment failure

A

drug resistance

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13
Q

if your patient is on antineoplastic they would most likely need a

A

med consult

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14
Q

complications of the oral cavity occur in about ____ of patients treated with chemotherapy and all patients receiving radiation

A

40%

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15
Q

involves gingival tissue inflammation as well as ulcerations; pain and burning of the oral mucosa difficult to maintain oral hygiene

A

oral mucositis

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16
Q

what are some rinses to use for oral mucositis

A

chlorhexidine, saline, viscous lidocaine, nystatin, benzocaine, diphenhydramine elixir with kaopectate

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17
Q

results of xerostomia

A

increased caries, difficult to eat

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18
Q

treatment of xerostomia

A

pallative treatment: sugarless candies, increase water intake, avoid alcohol
saliva substitues: biotene, optimoist, salivart, salix, xerolube, moistir, oral swabsticks, mothkote

systemic: cevimline(evoxac),
pilocarpine(salagan)

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19
Q

oral candidiasis results and treatment

A

increased growth of opportunistic fungi; treatment: topical/systemic antifungal agents: nystatin, clotrimazole, fluconazole

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20
Q

oral biofilm accumulation results and treatment

A

gingival inflammation; treatment: clorhexidine oral rinse as an adjunct to meticulous oral hygiene

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21
Q

due to suppression of salivary function; usually not permanent so treatment is usually palliative; uncomfortable bc there is no salivary lub and mucosal tissues get sticky; dry mucosa may also be more prone to bleeding

A

xerostomia

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22
Q

increased incidence of candidiasis and dental/root caries

A

xerostomia

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23
Q

what to use for xerostomia and prevention of caries

A

neutral sodium fluoride rinse such as prevident rinse

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24
Q

what is a direct affect of antimetabolite

A

mucositis

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25
Q

inflammation and ulceration; buccal, labial, and soft palate mucosa along with ventral surface of tongue and floor of mouth

A

mucositis

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26
Q

small areas of ulceration quickly become large areas due to direct toxic effects of the antimetaboites

A

mucositis

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27
Q

resulting from an overgrowth of fungi bc of reduced white blood cell count; may be more important to prevent; anesthetic solutions will help reduce pain

A

oral candidiasis

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28
Q

the primary concern with high bacteria levels is the increased incidence of ____

A

bacteremia

29
Q

cancer patient should be put on ____ as a prophylaxis for infective endocarditis

A

antibiotics

30
Q

what oral rinse is helpful to reduce bacterial levels and help with oral hygiene

A

chlorhexidine gluconate

31
Q

can cancer patients have an alteration of taste when going through treatment?

A

yes, drugs affect certain taste buds

32
Q

what drugs are used in organ transplant patients to prevent rejection of organ

A

immunosuppressant drugs

33
Q

these drugs are usually given together with glucocorticosteriods

A

immunosuppressant

34
Q

immunosuppressant drugs include

A

azathioprine, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus

35
Q

patients taking immunosuppressant will most likely develop ____and subsequently will also be taking antihypertensive drugs such as calcium channel blocker, which can cause gingival enlargement

A

hypertension

36
Q

nifedipine =

A

can cause gingival enlargment; calcium channel blockers

37
Q

critical part of the patient; evaluated for dental infections before being placed on the transplant list

A

pretransplant dentistry

38
Q

a prodrug that must be metabolized in the liver into an active form that will enter the bloodstream

A

azathioprine

39
Q

used in vesicular bullous/ulcerative autoimmune diseases such as bullous pemphigoid and lupus erythematous and also in rheumatoid arthritis

A

azathioprine

40
Q

what is the drug of choice for organ transplant donors

A

cyclosporine

41
Q

causes gingival enlargement; can be controlled by frequent gingivectomy/gingivoplasty procedures and meticulous oral home care

A

cyclosporine

42
Q

another name for asathioprine

A

imuran

43
Q

another name for cyclosporine

A

sandimmune, neoral

44
Q

another name for tacrolimus

A

prograf

45
Q

bisphosphonates end in

A

dronate

46
Q

medicated related osteonecrosis of the jaw

A

bisphosphonates

47
Q

iv bisphosphonates have been seen to cause ___

A

osteoradionecrosis of jaw

48
Q

supplement; masticatory stimulant; oral leukoplakia, stained teeth and gingiva, bronchoconstriction; may interact with antipsychotics, causing bradykinesia and jaw tremor

A

betel nut(areca catechu)

49
Q

supplement; decrease cholesterol levels, lowers bp and is anticoagulant; can have bleeding; cause appearance of chemical burn;

A

garlic

50
Q

supplement;anti-emetic, vertigo;bleeding

A

ginger

51
Q

supplement;improvement of cognitive functioning in alzheimers disease(dementia); also used for sexual dysfunctioin caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

ginkgo

52
Q

supplement;increases vitality, elevates energy levels; bleeding, hypoglycemia, hypertension

A

ginseng

53
Q

all supplements with g have what adverse effect

A

bleeding

54
Q

which supplement has adverse effect of hypoglycemia and hypertension

A

ginseng

55
Q

drug interactions with garlic, ginger, ginkgo

A

aspirin, nsaids, warfarin

56
Q

supplement;drug interactions with digoxin

A

ginseng

57
Q

supplement;drug interaction with insulin: additive hypoglycemic effect reduces saquinavir(fortovase) serum levels

A

garlic

58
Q

supplement; drug interactions: diuretics-increased duresis

insulin and oral hypoglycemics: increased hypoglycemic effect

A

ginseng

59
Q

supplement;for osteoarthritis; can cause bleeding; interactions with anticoags and nsaids; dont take if allergic to shellfish

A

glucosamine and chondroitin

60
Q

supplementprevents cancer, causes weight loss; can cause caffeine-related irritability, irregular heartbeat, diarrhea, vomiting and headache; interaction with atropine

A

green tea

61
Q

supplement; treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and muscle tension; processes antipyretic and local anesthetics increase effects of that

A

kava kava

62
Q

what supplement interferes with blood clotting, sedation, oral and lingual dyskinsea, rash, painful twisting movement of trunk, liver problems

A

kava kava

63
Q

used to treat mild to moderate depression; can cause xerostomia, gi upset, allergic reactions, fatigue, dizziness, confusion, photosensitivity, BLEEDING

A

st johns wort

64
Q

supplement for aphthous ulcers

A

aloe vera, red raspberry

65
Q

supplement for oral fungal infections(thrush)

A

tea tree oil, cinnamon

66
Q

supplement for perio disease

A

coenzyme q10, sanguinaria, goldseal

67
Q

supplement for caries

A

licorice root(glycyrrhiza glabra)

68
Q

supplement for oral inflammation(mucositis) in cancer patients

A

chamomile, vitamin E

pharmacology (11 decks)

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