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pharmacology > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

for epilepsy, is mono or polytherapy better?

A

monotherapy

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2
Q

common symptoms are repeated seizures, changes in electrical impulses in the brain, drooling and tongue biting

A

epilepsy

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3
Q 
risk factors include:
hypoxia
birth injury to brain
fever
alcohol intoxication/withdrawal
brain tumors
head trauma
stroke
genetics
A

all trigger seizures/epilepsy

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4
Q

no loss of consciousness

A

parital seizure

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5
Q

loss of consciousness

A

generalized seizures

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6
Q

two types of generalized seizures are

A 
tonic clonic(grand mal)
absence(petit mal)
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7
Q

tonic clonic is the____ common

A

most

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8
Q

absence petit mal is most common in

A

kids

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9
Q

how many parts of the brain are affected with a partial seizure

A

only one part of brain

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10
Q

prolonged seizure- lasts 20 min

A

status epilepticus

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11
Q

sedative/hypnotic drug
first antiepileptic drug
second line drug(adults with partial and generalized seizures

A

phenobarbital/luminal

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12
Q

drug of choice for induced seizure caused by LA

A

phenobarbital/luminal

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13
Q

mechanism of action is to decrease excitation (generation of an action potential) on the postsynaptic neuron by elevating GABA(gamma aminobutyric acid)

A

phenobarbital/luminal

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14
Q

class of drug is barbiturate- induces sleep, decrease anti seizure affect

A

primidone

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15
Q

enhances gaba, blocks sodium channel; respiratory dep high abuse potential and can cause dizziness

A

primidone

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16
Q

for partial(both simple and complex) seizures and generalized tonic clonic seizures; used in dentistry to treat trigeminal neuralgia; teratogenic

A

dilantin(phenytoin)

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17
Q

what pregnancy category is dilantin

A

D

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18
Q

monitor for osteomalacia and gingival enlargement; can cause alopecia

A

dilantin phenytoin

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19
Q

1st line of therapy for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures; originally developed for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in dentistry; adverse affect is agranulocytosis

A

carbamazepine(tegretol)

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20
Q

avoid erythromycin, clarithromycin, and doxycycline; dry mouth; blood disorders, can cause hirsutism; oral ulcerations, dry mouth, glossitis

A

carbamazepine(tegretol)

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21
Q

which anticonvulsant medication has been documented to cause osteomalacia

A

dilantin phenytoin

22
Q

alopecia may be an adverse effect of phenytoin; carbamazapine can cause hirsutism

A

true; true

23
Q

generalized seizures, including tonic clonic; blocks sodium channels, increases gaba synthesis, inhibits gaba degradation in the brain; may cause nausea and vomiting; black box warnings; can cause dry mouth

A

valproic acid(depakene)/valproate(depacon)

24
Q

second gen seizure drugs

A

gabapentin(neurontin)

diazepam(valium)

25
Q

other indications for antiepileptic drugs

A

anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, migraine, neuropathic pain

26
Q

increase in extrapyramidal side effects due to a decreased synthesis and release in dopamine (DA) which is responsible for turning off the extrapyramidal system
high level of ACH, which controls muscle movement
must be a balance between dopamine and ach

A

parkinsons disease

27
Q 
symptoms include:
resting tremor
muscle rigidity(poke face)
bradykinesia(muscular movement slow and rigid)(masked facial exp; short step walk)
postural instability
A

parkinsons disease

28
Q

converts dopamine in brain;; dopamine cannot get through blood brain barrier and get into brain so levodopa converts dopamine in brain

A

dopaminergic drugs(dopamine replacement-levadopa)

29
Q

what is added to formula in dopa meds to lessen adverse side effects of l-dopa

A

carbidopa

30
Q

treating on off effect of levodopa; ortho hypo in dental chair; prototype: bromocriptine(parlodel)

A

dopamine agonists

31
Q

early or mild stages of disease or later on in combination with carbidopa-levodopa; primarily effects tremors; adverse side effect is xerostomia

A

anticholinergic agents

32
Q

examp of anticholinergic agent

A

trihexylphenidyl(artane)

33
Q

prototype drug antichol

A

benztropine(cogentin)

34
Q

maob end in ____; helps metabolize dopamine

A

giliine(block enzyme)

35
Q

neurodegenerative disease, destruction of cholinergic and other neurons in cns; accounts for 60% of cases of dementia in people over 65 in US; 10,000 deaths per year

A

alzheimers

36
Q

do meds stop progression of alzheimers

A

no

37
Q

prevent breakdown of acetylcholine(alzheimers)

A

cholinesterase inhibitors including: tacrine(cognex)

donepezil(aricept)

38
Q

antagonist for moderate alzheimers disease

A

nmda’s

memantine(namenda)

39
Q

most antiparkinsonian drugs cause ___ and ____ hypotension, and

A

anticholinergic side effects and orthostatic(postural) hypotension, xerostomia

40
Q

is there any precautions with vasoconstrictors in LA for alzheimer drugs?

A

no

41
Q

primary headache disorders

A

migraine
tension-type
cluster headaches

42
Q

symptomatic therapy, either prescription or otc should not be used more than how many times a week

A

twice; acute therapy of migraines;

43
Q

therapy for migraines should start by eliminating all products containing ___ which causes vasoconstriction

A

caffeine

44
Q

stimulate 5-ht1 receptors(sumatriptan

A

triptan for migraines

45
Q

migraine drugs:

A

triptans
analgesics(excedrin, Floricet) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ergot
betablockers

46
Q

treatment of acute migraine to abort the attack but are not used prophylactically; bind with high affinity to 5-HT1 receptor

A

triptans

47
Q

referred to as selective serotonin agonists

A

triptans

48
Q

caution: blood pressure elevation- caution used when using LA containing epi
caution when taking with SSRI’s

A

triptans

49
Q

alpha-adrenergic blockers and vasoconstrictors of cranial smooth muscle; elevated levels of norepi occur by inhibiting reuptake
elevated blood levels occur when taken with erythromycin and clarithromycin

A

ergot derivitives

50
Q

timolol and propranolol-nonselective; FDA approved; nonselective; limit use of epi -2 carps

A

betablockers- only prevent migraines– does not solve problem like triptan and excedrine

51
Q

during a migraine, stimulation of the _____ nerve, carrying sensory information from the face, may cause referral of pain to any of the nerves three branches, resulting in facial pain

A

trigeminal nerve

pharmacology (11 decks)

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