chapter 2

Question 1

the time it take for the concentration of the drug in the blood to fall to half(50%) of its original value; indicator of how long a drug will produce its effect in the body and defines the time interval between doses

Answer 1

half life (t1/2)

Question 2

rate at which and the extent to which a drug is absorbed into systemic circulation; drug delivered intravaneously has 100% of this bc the entire amount of drug enters the blood stream

Answer 2

bioavailability

Question 3

a high dose of a drug is given initially to rapidly establish a therapeutic plasma drug concentration

Answer 3

loading dose

Question 4

lower doses used to maintain a desired drug level

Answer 4

maintenance dose

Question 5

actions a drug has on the body; mechanism of action of the drug

Answer 5

pharmacodynamics

Question 6

defined as the quantity of drug administered

Answer 6

drug dose

Question 7

describes the response (what the drug does) and explains how the drug causes that response

Answer 7

drug response

Question 8

refers to the response of living matter to administered chemicals

Answer 8

drug action

Question 9

a drug that rapidly combines with a receptor to initiate a response and rapidly dissoiciates or releases from the receptor; drug has a high efficacy; most drugs used today are this

Answer 9

agonists

Question 10

a drug that binds to the receptor but does not dissociate and has no positive response and no efficacy. it blocks the reaction of an agonist

Answer 10

antagonist

Question 11

a drug that slowly binds to the receptor and produces a mild therapeutic response(slight efficacy) when administered alone but may inhibit the action of an agonist when given concurrently, acting like an antagonist

Answer 11

partial agonist

Question 12

dose or amount of drug required to produce a particular or specific biological effect relative to a given or implied standard of reference

Answer 12

potency

Question 13

ability to produce a therapeutic effect regardless of the dose; describe the success of drug therapy

Answer 13

efficacy; potency and efficacy

Question 14

ratio of a drug’s toxic dose to its therapeutic dose

Answer 14

therapeutic index(TI)

Question 15

the drug dose that produces 50% of the maximum possible response

Answer 15

effective dose(ED50)

Question 16

the dose at which 50% of the animals die

Answer 16

lethal dose(LD50)

Question 17

undesirable side effects that develop because drugs are not totally selective in their actions

Answer 17

adverse effects