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pharmacology > ch. 11 cardio drugs > Flashcards

ch. 11 cardio drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cardiovascular disorders ?

A

hypertension, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, arrythmias

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2
Q

blood pressure is influenced by

A

blood volume; peripheral resistance/diameter of arterioles; cardiac output

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3
Q

alpha 1 receptor does

A

vasoconstriction(skin/mucosa)

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4
Q

beta 1 receptor does

A

increases cardiac activity

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5
Q

beta 2 receptor does

A

vasodilation(skeletal muscle) and bronchodilation

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6
Q

treatment of hypertension goal

A

decrease plasma volume
dilate blood vessels
decrease cardiac output

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7
Q

decrease plasma volume medication

A

diuretics

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8
Q

dilate blood vessels medication

A

ace inhibitors; arbs, ccb, alpha 1 blockers

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9
Q

decrease cardiac output medication

A

beta blockers

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10
Q

what are the three classes of diuretics

A

thiazides, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, combination

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11
Q

what is diuretics used for

A

high bp and congestiv heart failure

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12
Q

diuretics

A

thiazide, looo[(ide) k-sparing or combo

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13
Q

ace inhibitors end in

A

pril

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14
Q

arbs end in

A

sartan

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15
Q

alpha blockers end in

A

zosin

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16
Q

beta blockers end in

A

olol

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17
Q

calcium channel blockers end in

A

dipine

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18
Q

contraindications for antihypertensive drugs

A

nsaids decrease effect
orthostatic hypotension
xerostomia

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19
Q

frequent urination

A

diuretics

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20
Q

only ___ carps of epi for ____

A

2 carps for non cardioselective beta blockers

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21
Q

do ccb have an interaction with nsaids

A

no; but cause gingival enlargement

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22
Q

what do loop diuretics end in

A

ide

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23
Q

potassium sparing diuretics end in

A

one

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24
Q

what is the ace inhibitors mechanism of action

A

relax bv, decrease bp

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25
Q

what is the big thing with ace inhibitors that is under dental hygiene management? what does it produce

A

a nonproductive dry cough along with other side effects of all cardio drugs

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26
Q

arb stands for

A

angiotensin receptor blockers

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27
Q

mechanism of action of arbs

A

modulate renin- angiotensin system(block receptors)= decrease in bp and vasodilation

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28
Q

what do arbs end in

A

sartan

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29
Q

alpha 2 antagonists/ inhibitors examples

A

clonidine and methylodopa; NO NSAID ISSUE; lower bp by vasodilation of bv

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30
Q

alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonists(alpha 1 receptor blockers) prototype

A

prazosin(minipress)

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31
Q

actions of a1 adrenergic receptor antagonists

A

vasodilator of blood vessels(lowers peripheral vascular resistance)
blocks a1 receptors(lowers blood pressure)

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32
Q

dental implications of alpha 1 blockers

A

same as other cardio meds

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33
Q

cardio selective beta blockers are what letters

A

A-M

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34
Q

non cardio selective beta blockers are what letters

A

N-Z

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35
Q

do you use minimal of 2 carps of epi with noncardioselective beta blockers?

A

yes

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36
Q

calcium channel blockers big dental consideration

A

gingival enlargement; ends in dipine

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37
Q

is epinephrine in local anesthetic contraindicated?

A

no, but use minimal amounts if patient is taking a nonselective beta blocker

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38
Q

what are classic symptoms of angina

A

squeezing chest pain that radiates to the left, both or right arms, and the jaw; risk of heart attack

39
Q

what are some drugs to treat angina

A 
nitrates
beta 1 blockers
ccb
aspirin
lifestyle modifications
40
Q

patients with unstable angina are at high risk for ___ and require ______ drugs

A

heart attack; antiplatelet drugs

41
Q

what do nitrates do

A

relax vascular smooth muscle and cause vasodilation

42
Q

what is the prototype nitrate

A

nitroglycerin

43
Q

what do beta blockers do

A

reduce mortality and decrease myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate, contractility, and tension; treat angina and hypertension

44
Q

what kind of beta blocker should be used to treat angina

A

cardioselective a-m

45
Q

what do calcium channel blockers do

A

reduce anginal symptoms but do not reduce mortality; useful in variant angina and hypertension

46
Q

what drug can be used only for prophylaxis and not for an acute angina attack; may decrease platelet aggregation; nonnitrates

A

dipyridamole(persantine)

47
Q

what does aspririn do for angina patients

A

antiplatelet drug, inhibits platelet aggregation(clotting) and reduces mortality in patient with unstable angina and prevention of strokes

48
Q

what do meds for heart failure do

A

indirectly reduce cardiac workload (decrease preload) and reduce edematous fluid (preload) with diuretics; directly increase heart contractions with cardiac glycosides

49
Q

what meds to use for heart failure

A

ace inhibitors, diuretic, cardiac glycoside, adrenergic agonist, vasodilators, ccb’s

50
Q

what prototype diuretic used for heart failure

A

furosemide(loop diuretic)

51
Q

what is prototype cardiac glycoside for heart failure

A

digoxin

52
Q

what does digoxin do

A

treat chf and heart arrythmias(direct effects on heart) ^ constriction, cardiac output, and circulation

53
Q

what are the vasodilators used for heart failure

A

ace inhibitors

prototype: captopril

54
Q

what does captopril do

A

prevent prog of HF

decrease work and o2 demand of heart

55
Q

when there is a change in the rhythm of the heart

A

arrhythmia

56
Q

meds will suppress the arrhythmia by blocking either autonomic function or ___ , ___, ____ channels, which slow conduction of ______ impulse

A

calcium, potassium, sodium

cardiac

57
Q

antiarrhythmic drugs class 1

A

sodium channel blockers

end in ide

58
Q

antiarrhythmic drugs class 2

A

beta-adrenergic blockers

end in olol

59
Q

aniarrhythmic drugs class 3

A

potassium channel blockers

end in one

60
Q

antiarrhythmic drugs class 4

A

calcium channel blockers

ends in dipine

61
Q

in normal healthy patients the maximum amount of epi is ___ mg per appt and in patients with clinically significant cardiovascular impairment ___ mg per appt

A
  1. 2

0. 04

62
Q

triglycerides are synthesized where

A

liver

63
Q

where is cholesterol obtained

A

from diet

64
Q

lipids are insoluble in blood, so they are transported in blood in the form of _____

A

lipoproteins

65
Q

triglycerides and cholesterol are transported in blood as this form

A

vldl

66
Q

highest amount of cholesterol is carried by this; bad cholesterol

A

ldl

67
Q

transports cholesterol to liver, where it is eventually removed from body
good cholesterol

A

hdl

68
Q

lipid lowering drugs are indicated in patients with high risk or _____ disease because of multiple risk factors

A

coronary artery disease

69
Q

targets of lipid lowering drugs

A

lowering triglycerides, total cholesterol, and ldl/hdl ratio

70
Q

what are the drugs used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia

A
  • hmg coa reductase inhibitors(statin)
  • bile acid biding resin sequestrants
  • fibric acid derivatives
71
Q

hmg coa atorvastatin(lipitor) does what/causes

A

increase liver enzyme, myopathy

72
Q

what does sequestrants(colestid) do/cause

A

gi distress

73
Q

what does fibric acid gem fib do/cause

A

gallstones, indigestion

74
Q

drugs bind bile acids, which contain high amounts of cholesterol; only 20% decrease in ldl; more adverse side effects than statins

A

bile acid sequestrants

75
Q

have c.o.l. in the name

A

bile acid sequestrants

76
Q

reduce triglyceride levels; can displace other highly protein-bound drugs(warfarin) from their receptors, causing elevated plasma levels

A

fibric acid drugs

77
Q

prototype fibric acid drug

A

gemfibrozil(lopid)

has fib in the name

78
Q

natural product- vitamin that lowers triglycerides and ldl-c and increases hdl-c; contraindicated in diabetics and people with peptic ulcer disease; gastric irritation, glucose intolerance, flushing, skin problems, myalgia

A

nicotinic acid(niacin)

79
Q

latest approach to drug management for ldl-c reduction
amlodipine/atorvastatin(caduet)
and ezetimibe/simvastatin(vytorin)
may be superior to the statin drugs

A

combination drugs

80
Q

these drugs not only block absorption of cholesterol(cholesterol absorption inhibitors) from food but also reduce the cholesterol that the body makes in the liver

A

combination drugs

81
Q

are there dental considerations for patients taking antihyperlipidemic drugs?

A

no

82
Q

do not give _____/___ to patients taking statin drugs

A

erythromycin/clarithromycin

83
Q

adherence of platelets to the blood vessel wall (platelet aggregation)

  • causes coagulation and blood clotting
  • leads to formation of a thrombu (blood clot)
A

atherosclerosis

84
Q

retard coagulation and prevent the occurrence of a thrombus

A

anticoagulant drugs

85
Q

prototype anticoag drugs

A

heparin and warfarin

86
Q

oral and injectable; med consult; artificial heart valves also(have to come off of it for cleaning); have to call heart doctor to fax a form to say if ok to get off before appt

A

warfarin

87
Q

indications for anticoag drugs

A

thromboembolic disorder; artificial heart valves

88
Q

what two meds prevent blood clot

A

heparin and warfarin

89
Q

inhibit platelet aggregation

A

antiplatelet

90
Q

prevent arterial thrombosis in patients with heart disease and stroke, and heart attacks

A

aspirin

91
Q

prevention of heart attack, stroke in patients with recent heart attack and stroke

A

clopidogrel(plavix)

92
Q

prevents thrombosis associated with artificial heart valves

A

dipyridamole(persantine)

93
Q

limit cholesterol synthesis and stimulate ldl catabolism

A

hmg-co A

pharmacology (11 decks)

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