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pharmacology > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

NSAIDS stands for

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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2
Q

non narcotic are considered

A

nsaids(ibuprofen)

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3
Q

narcotic opioids

A

codeine, hydrocodone

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4
Q

brand name for aspirin

A

ASA; aspirin

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5
Q

chemical name

A

salicylic acid

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6
Q

explains the inflammatory events that occur locally after tissue trauma/damage

A

prostaglandin synthesis pathway

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7
Q

inhibiting a certain step in this pathway is how what works>

A

nsaids

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8
Q

enzyme found inside most cells in the body(GI tract kidneys and platelets

A

cox 1

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9
Q

serves a protective role; lining of the stomach from stomach gastric acids

A

cox 1

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10
Q

found in brain, kidney,bones and reproductive organs; produced only during inflammation

A

cox 2

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11
Q

is aspirins and nsaids selective or not

A

not selective; inhibit both cox 1 and 2

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12
Q

can cause GI problems because it blocks cox 1

A

aspirins and nsaids

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13
Q

acetylsalicylic acid is what

A

ASA aspirin

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14
Q

can cause bleeding and ulcers

A

aspirin

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15
Q

increasing dose beyond a point does not increase analgesia

A

ceiling effect

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16
Q

aspirin causes___ due to inhibition of prostaglandins and braykinin; relieves mild to moderate pain(dental)

A

analgesia

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17
Q

therapeutic effects of aspirin

A

analgesia
anti inflammatory
antipyretic
antiplatelet effect

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18
Q

what med you use for prophylactic (prevention) treatment of thromboembolic disorders(myocardial infarction heart attack) and stroke

A

baby aspirin- 81 mg

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19
Q

pharmacokinetics: aspirin

A

absorbed from upper small intestine(duodenum)and small part of stomach

distribution: found in blood within 30 min
metabolized: in liver to salicylic acid
excreted: in urine by kidneys

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20
Q

what is a contraindication of aspirin

A

reye’s syndrome- children less than 17 years of age and ulcers

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21
Q

patients with nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis(hay fever/ allergic reactions to aspirin) are at risk of developing

A

bronchoconstriction and anaphylaxis

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22
Q

about ___ of patients with asthma are intolerant to aspirin and other nsaids

A

10%

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23
Q

reg strength aspirin is how many mg?

A

325 mg

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24
Q

what drugs interact with aspirin

A 
oral antidiabetic
ACE inhibitors
other aspirin containing otc drugs 
thiazide or loop diuretics
anticoags
alcohol
herbs
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25
Q

child toxicity is seen with `aspirin

A

1g or 1000mg

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26
Q

lethal dose for aspirin in kids

A

10g

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27
Q

treatment of overdose of aspirin is initiated by stopping

A

absorption by gastric lavage and activated charcoal

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28
Q

nsaids block

A

cox 1 and 2

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29
Q

nsaids contraindications

A

asthma
nasal polyps
hypersensitivity to nsaids

30
Q

drug interactions with nsaids

A

ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers

31
Q

can u take nsaids with aspirin?

A

no take it with acetaminophen

32
Q

which drug is the only cox 2 inhibitor currently available

A

celebrex

33
Q

pharmacokinetics for acetaminophen

A

absorbed from GI tract rapidly and almost completely

distribution: reaches peak blood levels in 30 to 60 min
metabolism: in liver

34
Q

what is acetaminophen toxic to

A

liver(hepatotoxicity)

35
Q

does acetaminophen have gi disturbances?

A

low to no GI disturbances

36
Q

what pregnancy category does acetaminophen have

A

B

37
Q

what drug interactions of acetaminophen cause increased liver damage

A

tegretol, dilantin, rifadin

38
Q

which drugs have analgesia effect on mild to moderate pain

A

aspirin, nsaids, acetaminophen

39
Q

which drugs have antipyretic effect

A

aspirin, nsaids, aceta

40
Q

which drugs have anti inflammatory

A

aspirin and nsaids

41
Q

which drugs have antiplatelet effect

A

aspirin

42
Q

which drugs cause gi ulceration and bleeding

A

aspirin and nsaids

43
Q

which drugs are toxic to liver

A

acetaminophen

44
Q

which drugs are toxic to the kidneys

A

nsaids

45
Q

which drug causes reyes syndrome

A

aspirin

46
Q

which meds cause dizziness

A

nsaids

47
Q

which meds cause fluid retention

A

nsaids

48
Q

which drugs have allergies

A

aspirin and nsaids

49
Q

mechanism of action of aspirin and nsaids

A

inhibit prostaglandin synthesis; block enzyme cox 1 and cox 2; provides anti-inflammatory effect

50
Q

mechanism of action of acetaminophen

A

blocks cox 3(CNS); no inflammatory effects

51
Q

what is the most common otc pain reliever

A

acetaminophen

52
Q

which is widely used in dentistry as a pain reliever and in combo with narcotics

A

acetaminophen

53
Q

does acetaminophen have an effect on blood clotting

A

no

54
Q

does acetaminophen have gi irritation

A

no

55
Q

does acetaminophen have anti-inflammatory effects

A

no

56
Q

what are the 3 opioids used in dentistry

A

hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine

57
Q

5 pharmacologic actions of narcotics

A 
analgesia
sedation
euphoic effect
cough suppression(supress respirations)
decreased GI activity
58
Q

what is hydrocodone and oxycodone

A

short acting opioid agonists

59
Q

opioids work by :

A

releasing endorphins and activate opioid receptors, blocking the transmission of pain impulses; these substances are the body’s natural opiates that inhibit painful stimuli

60
Q

which are opioid receptors

A

mu- analgesic, respiratory, depressant, euphoric effects

kappa- respiratory depression, miosis, sedation

61
Q

drug interactions with opioids

A

antihistamines, sedative/hypnotics, alcohol, and pschotropics-increased CNS effects

62
Q

long-acting synthetic morphine derivative used orally in the treatment of opioid (usually heroin) addiction; wean patients off narcotics because it does not produce euphoria(ecstasy); still abused

A

methadone

63
Q

what is a less effective analgesic than morphine with half the duration of action; used for moderate to severe pain

A

meperidine

64
Q

most effective when combined with nsaids, aspirin, or acetaminophen

A

oxycodone and hydrocodone

65
Q

naturally occuring narcotic agonist obtained from the opium poppy but in lesser amounts than morphine; most potent analgesic than morphine; less respiratory depressant and constipation and has less dependence potential

A

codeine

66
Q

hydrocodone/tylenol trade name and schedule

A

trade name: lorcet, lortab, vicodin

C-III

67
Q

oxycodone/tylenol trade name and schedule

A

percocet/tylox

C-II

68
Q

oxycodone/ibuprofen trade name and schedule

A

combunox

C-II

69
Q

oxycodone/aspirin trade name and schedule

A

C-II

70
Q

acetaminophen/codeine trade name and schedule

A

tylenol/codeine

C-III

pharmacology (11 decks)

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