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pharmacology > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what hsv primarily causes oropharyngeal disease(including intraoral and eye)

A

hsv1

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2
Q

which hsv causes genital disease, which is considered a sexually transmitted disease

A

hsv2

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3
Q

when does primary herpes infection (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis) occur

A

infants/children

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4
Q

symptoms of primary herpes

A

fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting; painful intraoral vesicles on oral mucosa– form ulcers with red haloes; gen gingivitis

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5
Q

treatment of primary herpes infection

A

fluids and analgesics(tylenol)– don’t give aspirin to people under 16 could cause reyes

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6
Q

what is recurrent herpes simplex virus infection

A

hsv1 occurs adults who preveiously had primary herpes(fever blisters)

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7
Q

when will herpes lesions resolve itself

A

10-14 days

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8
Q

should antibiotics of corticosteriods be used to treat recurrent herpes infection

A

no

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9
Q

what do antiherpetic drugs end in

A

-ci/yclovir

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10
Q

what is used to treat herpes labialis

A

otc analgesic medications– dont actually stop virus

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11
Q

action of antiviral agents

A

incorporates into the viral DNA within host – premature dna termination – prevents virus from reproducing

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12
Q

use of antiviral agents

A

treatment initial and recurrent viral infections(hsv1) or herpes labialis

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13
Q

dosage of antiviral agents

A

tablets 200mg every 4 hours for 10 days initially

topical 1/2 inch ribbon to area every 3 hours

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14
Q

example of antiviral agent

A

acyclovir

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15
Q

virus attacks the body’s immune system, resulting in many life-threatening infections and cancers

A

hiv aids

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16
Q

once one has developed aids, the immune system is weakened enough to allow for unusual or prolonged infections

A

hiv/aids

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17
Q

these drugs chemically are nucleosides and work by inhibiting the viral enzyme reverse ranscriptase

A

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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18
Q

this class inhibits the catalytic reaction of reverse transcriptase that is independent of nucleotide binding

A

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

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19
Q

these drugs suppress viral replication by inhibiting protease, the enzyme responsible for cleaving viral precursor peptides into infective virions

A

protease inhibitors

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20
Q

this class interferes with the entry of HIV-1 into hosts(lymphocytes) by inhibiting fusion of the virus and cell membranes

A

fusion inhibitors

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21
Q

antiretroviral drugs used for treatment of HIV/AIDS end in what

A

VIR

22
Q

PROTEASE INHIBITORS CAN CAUSE

A

dental pain and taste changes

23
Q

HAART

A

high active antiretroviral therapy

24
Q

using three drug combinations for initial therapy is termed what

A

HAART

25
Q

what are two common oral lesions/conditions associated with hiv infections

A

candidiasis and angular chelitis

26
Q

what drugs are used to treat fungal infections

A

azoles and nystatin

27
Q

what are some common viral infections associated with hiv

A 
herpes simplex lesions
hairy leukoplakia(epstein barr virus infection)
28
Q

what are some bacterial infections associated with hiv

A

linear gingival erythema
nug
necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

29
Q

other oral conditions with hiv

A

minor apthous ulcers(canker sores)
oral pain: acute due to oral lesions
chronic neurological pain
xerostomia

30
Q

what is lidex used for

A

to treat ulcers for hiv patients

31
Q

normal flora in gastro and vaginal tracts

A

candida

32
Q

causes a localized superficial infection that is kept in check by the body; however, in certain circumstances such as immunocompromised hosts, the infection spreads

A

candida

33
Q

three groups of fungal infections

A

systemic mycosis
superficial or mucotaneous mycoses
subcutaneous mycoses

34
Q

what causes mucocutaneous mycoses of the mouth

A

candida albicans

35
Q

what can candida albican cause

A

thrush(acute pseudomembranous candidiasis)
chronic atrophic candidiasis(denture sore mouth)
candidal esophagitis

36
Q

oral mucous membranes present with a creamy, white plaque that easily wipes off with gauze, leaving a raw, red, bleeding connective tissue surface

A

thrush

37
Q

nystatin also called

A

mycostatin troches suspension

38
Q

topical or oral suspension indicated for treatment of susceptible cutaneous, mucocutaneous oral cavity fungal infections normally caused by the candida species

A

indications for nystatin

39
Q

mechanism of action of nysatin

A

binds to phospholipids in fungal cell mem, altering cell wall permeability, resulting in loss of essential intracellular nutrients

40
Q

clotrimazole also called

A

mycelex troches

41
Q

topical cream for treatment of susceptible fungal infections including oropharyngeal candidiasis. to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients(chemo/radiation)

A

clotrimazole

42
Q

mechanism of action of clotrimazole

A

binds to phospholipids in fungal cell mem, altering cell wall perm

43
Q

under max denture; palatal tissue appears as small, asymptomatic(not painful) red spots; treatment with high sugar content in suspension, pastilles, and troches; line denture with cream(azole)

A

denture sore mouth

44
Q

used for thrush

A

clotrimazole; a troche that is slowly dissolved in mouth; patients with high caries index should not be given troches because they contain sugar

45
Q

severe and extensive oropharyngeal candidiasis can be treated with

A

fluconazole 100 -200 mg orally twice a day

46
Q

______ is good for candida suppression in hiv disease

A

prophylactic fluconazole

47
Q

commissures of lips

A

angular cheilosis

48
Q

what are the causes of angular cheilosis

A

fungal infection caused by candida albicans
b complex deficiency
drooing/overclosure(moisture)

49
Q

treatment of angular cheilosis

A

azole topical

50
Q

which of the following agents is used to treat fungal infection in oral cavity?

a. metronidazole(flagyl)
b. tetracycline
c. azythromicin(z pak)
d. clotrimazole(mycelex)

A

d

51
Q

which of the following is used to treat cold sores

a. flagyl
b. tetracycline
c. acyclovir
d. clotrimazole

A

c

52
Q

causes of thrush

A

broad spectrum antibiotics, inhalation corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs suppress immune system and encourage fungi to overgrow

pharmacology (11 decks)

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