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pharmacology > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

issues with antibiotics

A 
resistance
superinfections
gi problems
allergic reactions
photosensitivity
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2
Q

when to use antibiotics in dental therapy

A

aggressive periodontitis
topical antimicrobial agents- chronic localized periodontitis
endodontic therapy
implant dentistry

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3
Q

natural penicillin: narrow spectrum

A

penicillin V 500 mg qid

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4
Q

beta-lactamase inhibitors of the penicillins

A

augmentin 500 mg qid

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5
Q

aminopenicillin: broad spectrum

A

amoxillicin 500 mg qid

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6
Q

penicillin effective in killing

A

gram + cocci and bacilli(strep pneumoniae) also some gram -

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7
Q

what two penicillins are only used in dentistry for mild to moderate odontogenic infections

A

penicillin VK and amoxicillin

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8
Q

what is the drug of choice in the treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

A

penicillin VK

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9
Q

penicillin beter absorbed in gi tract

A

amoxicillin

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10
Q

penicillin that requires less frequent dosing

A

amoxicillin

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11
Q

which penicillin is poorly absorbed when take as a capsule or liquid- most often as IM and IV

A

ampicillin

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12
Q

are cephalasporins bactericidal

A

yes

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13
Q

are ceph used for dental infections

A

no; not drug of choice for dental inf bc expensive

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14
Q

first generation ceph

A

cefafroxil(duricef)

cephalexin(keflex)

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15
Q

second generation ceph

A

cefaclor(ceclor)

cefprozil(cefzil)

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16
Q

third generation ceph

A

omnicef(cefdinir)

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17
Q

effective against obligate or strict anaerobeic

A

metronidazole(flagyl)

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18
Q

found in GCF in the periodontal pocket

A

metronidazole/nitroimidazoles

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19
Q

what two drugs are good against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis in aggressive periodontitis and nonresponding periodontitis

A

metronidazole and amoxicillin

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20
Q

flagyl and alcohol produce

A

disulfiram like reaction-vomiting

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21
Q

what to use metronidazole to treat

A

adjunctive treatment of refractory or chronic periodontitis

22
Q

not actually antibiotic bc totally synthetically produced; broad spectrum anitmicrobials with good activity against facultative gram negative anaerobes

A

quinolones

23
Q

good alternative if patient allergic to penicillin; brand names are cipro and levaquin

A

quinolones

24
Q

majority of dental patients taking quinolone will most likely be taking it for what

A

chronic bronchitis; avoid air polishing

25
Q

what are erythromycins(macrolides) are most effective against killing

A

gram positive and some gram neg; bacteriostatic-inhibits bac mult

26
Q

what are the second generation erythromycins that have a broader spectrum of action with fewer adverse side effects than the erythromycins

A

azalides

27
Q

two drugs that are azalides

A

azithromycin(zithromax) and clarithromycin(biaxin)

28
Q

used in treatment of periodontal disease; concentrates in phagocytes such as pmns and macrophages, which contribute to their distribution into inflamed perio tissues(gingival cT) in greater amounts than in plasma

A

azithromycin

29
Q

azithromycin is used in the treatment of

A

periodontal diseases

30
Q

what could a patient be taking a form of erythromycin for

A

infections, including chronic bronchitis

31
Q

effective against more gram pos; primarily bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal in high doses; taking for dental infection such as periodontal abscess or periodontal disease

A

clindamycin

32
Q

tetracyclines

A

tetracycline hcl; doxycycline hyclate; minocycline hcl

33
Q

which of the tetracyclines are broad spec fighting against gram pos and neg aerobic and anaerobin

A

doxy and minocycline

34
Q

what pregnancy category is tetracyclines

A

D

35
Q

azole and tetra

A

in pocket bacteria

36
Q

concentrates higher in gcf in the pocket than in blood, used in treatment of aggressive periodontitis

A

tetracycline

37
Q

oral antibiotics

A

amoxicillin or ampicillin 2.0 g

38
Q

unable to take oral meds

A

cefazolin or ceftriaxone 1g IM or IV

39
Q

allergic to penicillins or ampicillin- oral

A

cephalexin 2g adult
clindamycin 600mg
azithromycin or clarithromycin- 500mg

40
Q

allergic to penicillin or ampicillin and unable to take oral meds

A

cefazolin or ceftriaxone 1gIM or IV

clindamycin 600mg IM or IV

41
Q

the ability of the drug to absorb or bind to intraoral surfaces such as teeth and soft tissues with subsequent release of the drug in its active form

A

substantivity

42
Q

alcohol free rinses

A 
chlorhexidine .12
crest prohealth
rembrandt
listerine zero
oral b plaque rinse
listermint
breathrx
43
Q

which antimicrobial mouthrinse has the highest substantivity

A

chlorhexidine gluconate .12(peridex and perioguard)

44
Q

side effects of chlorhex

A

supragingival calc formation

tooth and tongue stains

45
Q

which has lowest substantivity

A

listerine

46
Q

how effective is scope cepacol

A

lack of substantivity limits clinical effectiveness

47
Q

mouth rinse formulations; primarily for inflammation of gingival soft tissues

A

peroxides and perborates

48
Q

since ______ liberates gaseous oxygen, it provides a cleansing action and gentle effervescence for oral wounds

A

hydrogen peroxide 3%

49
Q

controlled release antimicrobial drugs used in dentistry

A

arestin(microsperes of minoHCL)
atridox(10% of doxy hyclate)
periochip( 2.5 mg chlorhexidine gluconate)

50
Q

what causes tb

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

51
Q

firm nodules or tubercles throughout the body ; inhaled into the lungs through aerosol droplets from coughing, sneezing, or similar close contact wit an infected individual

A

tb bacteria

52
Q

drugs used to treat tb

A

Rifamipin
Inh
Pyrazinamide
ethambutol

pharmacology (11 decks)

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