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pharmacology > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

a chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation of the airways and bronchoconstriction, which improves either spontaneously or with treatment

A

asthma

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2
Q

mediated through b2 receptors, located on bronchioles

A

bronchospasm

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3
Q

may be rapidly relieved by inhaled brochodilators; occurs within minutes, while inflammation(mucous secretion) is slower in onset, taking hours

A

bronchospasm

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4
Q

acute exposure, whether allergy or exercise, causes acute bronchospasm

A

early asthmatic response

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5
Q

airway inflammation comes on more slowly

A

late asthmatic response

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6
Q

signs or symptoms bronchospasm

A

wheezing
prolonged or troublesome cough

difficulty breathing
breathlessness(dyspnea)
chest tightness

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7
Q

taken daily on a long-term basis to achieve and maintain control of persistant asthma; anti-inflammatory effects

A

long term control medications(long term preventive controller, or maintenance medications

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8
Q

quick reversal of acute airflow obstruction and relief of bronchospasm

A

quick relief meds

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9
Q

suppress cough

A

antitussives

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10
Q

inhibit histamine release

A

mast cell stabilizers

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11
Q

suppress inflammation

A

glucocorticoids

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12
Q

produce thinner mucous

A

expectorants

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13
Q

loosen mucous

A

mucolytics

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14
Q

dilate bronchi

A

beta adrenergic agonists and anticholinergics

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15
Q

provide the quickest onset(5 to 15 mins) and relief of symptoms by bronchodilation

A

b2 agonists

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16
Q

prototype for short acting b2 receptor selective agonist is

A

albuterol

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17
Q

quick relief meds for bronchospasms

A

short acting b2 receptor selective agonists
anticholinergics
systemic corticosteroids

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18
Q

prototype for anticholinergic

A

atrovent(smooth muscle); ipratropium bromide HFA

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19
Q

regulation of airway smooth muscle tone

A

anticholinergic

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20
Q

most potent and effective antiinflammatory agents; should be first-line therapy for long-term management of mild, moderate and severe persistent asthma

A

corticosteroids

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21
Q

what do corticosteroids end in

A

sone and ide

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22
Q

adverse effects of corticosteroids(inhaled)

A

cough, oral candidiasis, and with high doses, growth suppression

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23
Q

drug of choice for persistent asthma

A

inhaled corticosteroids

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24
Q

alternative treatments and have a more limited role in treatment of asthma

A

cromolyn sodium(intal) and leukotriene modifiers(montelukast)

25
Q

what do methylxanthines end in

A

phylline

26
Q

act as bronchodilators, causing the airway smooth muscle to relax; long duration up to 12 hours;
these drugs should be used with a low or medium dosage of an inhaled corticosteroid to improve asthma control and should not be used alone

A

long acting b2 selective agonists

27
Q

may be alternative first line treatment for mild persistent asthma and may serve as adjuncts to inhaled corticosteroids for more severe disease

A

leukotriene modifiers

28
Q

most prescribed leukotriene bc of its once a day dosing and approval for young children

A

montelukast(singulair)

29
Q

adverse side effect is overstimulation of the beta agonist receptors, which makes the short acting beta-agonists less effective

A

long acting beta agonists

30
Q

adverse side effects

A

xerostomia, tachycardia, headache tremor and nausea

31
Q

assess salivary flow; asses need for fluoride rinse

A

salmeterol serevent

32
Q

bronchodilators that relax the airway smooth muscle to control asthmatic symptoms; no longer recommended for acute exacerbations or as a drug of choice for asthma

A

methylxanthines

33
Q

theophyllin and aminophylline

A

methylxanthines

34
Q

ends in sodium

A

mast cell stabilizers

35
Q

anti inflammatory actions that inhibit the release of histamine and other mediators of allergic reactions that lead to airway inflammation

A

mast cell stabilizers

36
Q

cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium; inhalation and may be alternative treatment in mild persistant asthma

A

mast cell stabilizers

37
Q

used when asthma cannot be controlled by bronchodilators alone

A

systemic corticosteroids

38
Q

suppress inflammation

A

corticosteroids

39
Q

nasocort and flonase

A

corticosteroids

40
Q

monitor for oral candidiasis and salivary flow; avoid asprin

A

systemic corticosteroids

41
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(chronic bronchitis and emphysema

42
Q

all these diseases only manage symptoms, no cure

A

copd, asthma, etc

43
Q

inflammation of the nasal mucosa (mucous membranes in the nasal cavities) is most frequently caused by allergic reactions to allergens: allergic and seasonal

A

rhinitis

44
Q

clinical features of rhinitis

A 
nasal congestion
rhinorrhea(runny nose)
itching 
sneezing
mucus production 
vasodilation and airway narrowing
45
Q

drug classes for treating rhinitis

A

antihistamines
alpha adrenergic agonists
topical corticosteroids
mast cell stabilizers

46
Q

are antibiotics useful for treating colds?

A

no

47
Q

drugs that block the histamine h1 receptors and thus eliminate the symptoms(sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea) associated with rhinitis but are ineffective in treating the common cold

A

antihistamines

48
Q

treat allergic reactions(allergic rhinitis) and motion sickness;

A

h1 receptor blockers

49
Q

first gen h1 receptor blockers prototype

A

diphenydramine(benadryl)

50
Q

has anticholinergic side effects such as xerostomia, sedation, urine retention

A

h1 receptor blockers first gen

51
Q

nonsedating antihistamines such as allegra, claritin, zyrtec

A

h1 receptor blockers second generation

52
Q

second gen h1 receptor blockers end in

A

ine

53
Q

constricting blood vessels in the nasal mucosa-reduce blood supply to the nose and decrease edema; afrin and neosynephrine; prolonged use causes rebound congestion

A

nasal decongestants(alpha adrenoceptor agonists)

54
Q

should not be used or used with caution in patients with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, or urinary obstruction or if taking a beta blocker drug or maoi for depression

A

nasal decongestants(alpha adrenoceptor agonists)

55
Q

reduce the inflammation of the nasal mucosa; effective drugs for relieving symptoms of sneezing, itching, congestion, and rhinorrhea(runny nose); administered as nasal sprays

A

topical (intranasal) corticosteroids

56
Q

what do topical corticosteroids end in

A

ide or one such as fluticasone, flunisolide

57
Q

used to suppress cough; opioids, including codeine, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, and dextromethorphan; benzonatate is a nonnarcotic; respiratory depression

A

antitussive

58
Q

whats a big side effect of antihistamines

A

dry mouth

59
Q

what may be contraindicated in asthmatics, especially if they have nasal polyps

A

aspirin

pharmacology (11 decks)

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