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pharmacology > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

defined as the biomedical study of the interaction of chemical substances with living systems, including cells, tissues, and organisms

A

pharmacology

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2
Q

describes the part of science dealing with the use of drugs in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases

A

pharmacotherepeutics

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3
Q

is the study of drug movement throughout the body, including how a drug gets to the site of action, and how the body handles medications i.e., by the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

A

pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

the actions of a drug or a specific target organ, including mechanism of action, receptor interactions, dose-response relationship, and therapeutic and toxic reactions

A

pharmacodynamics

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5
Q

the convergence of pharmacology and genetics, including the genetic factors that influence an organisms response to a drug

A

pharmacogenetics

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6
Q

the use of many medications; many elderly are taking more than one drug

A

polypharmacy

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7
Q

who sets standards and guidelines to protect the public from drug misuse

A

regulation and classification of drugs

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8
Q

established in 1820; first publication of drug standards; USP label on many medications; verifies purity and exact amounts of ingredients

A

US pharmacopoeia (USP)

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9
Q

what year congress passed the biologics control act to control the quality of serums and other blood related products

A

1902

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10
Q

the pure food and drug act gave the government control over the labeling of medicines in what year

A

1906

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11
Q

in what year was the act amended and an even stronger food drug and cosmetic act passed in 1938

A

1912

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12
Q

the food drug and cosmetic act has had many amendments; one of the is the ______ which clarified prescription and non prescription drugs. prescription drugs must say caution: federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription

A

durham humphrey amendment in 1952

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13
Q

in 1962 the ______ required the demonstration of safety and efficacy in animal and human studies before a drug is put on the market

A

kefauver harris amendments

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14
Q

in 1997, the _________ gave the fda authority to accelerate the approval process for critically needed drugs. instead of waiting approximately 15 months of approval, the drug would be approved in as little as 6 months. this act represents the largest reform effort of the drug review process since 1938

A

food and drug administration modernization act

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15
Q

in what year did the omnibus reconciliation act protects direct to consumer drug advertising

A

2005

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16
Q

refers to the chemical makeup of the drug and defines the unique chemical structure that is listed in the united states adopted names (USAN) designations

A

chemical name

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17
Q

united states adopted names(USAN) designations(acetaminophen)

A

generic name

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18
Q

registered trademark belonging to a particular drug manufacturer(tylenol); patent lasts for 17 years

A

trade(brand) name

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19
Q

what does DAW mean

A

dispense as written

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20
Q

what is the most common units of measurement in medicine

A

apothecary system

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21
Q

ac

A

before meals

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22
Q

bid

A

twice a day

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23
Q

cap

A

capsule

24
Q

dis

A

dispense

25
Q

prn

A

as needed

26
Q

q

A

everyday

27
Q

h

A

hour

28
Q

hs

A

at bedtime

29
Q

qh

A

every hour

30
Q

q8h

A

every 8 hours

31
Q

qid

A

4 times a day

32
Q

pc

A

after meals

33
Q

stat

A

at once

34
Q

sig

A

write on label

35
Q

tid

A

3 times a day

36
Q

po

A

orally(by mouth)

37
Q

Rx

A

take thou a recipe; prescription

38
Q

qs

A

a sufficient quantity

39
Q

tab

A

tablet

40
Q

gtts

A

drops

41
Q

NR

A

no refills

42
Q

what act classified according to abuse potential(addiction and dependency); drugs placed in schedules by FDA

A

harrison narcotic act of 1914

43
Q

highest abuse potential; no safe medical use; medical research, marijuana, hashish, pcp, lsd, heroin

A

C- I

44
Q

high abuse potential; safe medical use; some narcotics, stimulants, and depressants, cocaine, morphine, methadone, methamphetamine, oxycodone(percocet), methylphenidate(ritalin)

A

C- II

45
Q

moderate abuse potential; acetaminophen with codeine(tylenol with codeine 3, 4) acetaminophen with hydrocodone(vicodin), anabolic steroids

A

C-III

46
Q

low abuse potential; triazolam(halcion; sedative), chloral hydrate, phenobarbital, diazapam(valium), alprozolam(xanax); in some states(New York, Texas) these drugs are classified as CII

A

C-IV

47
Q

lowest abuse potential; cough medicines that contain codeine

A

C-V

48
Q

warning that the drug carries a significant risk of serious or even life threatening adverse effects

A

black box warning

49
Q

a pharmaceutical equivalent or alternative that does not show differences in the rate and extent of absorption

A

bioequivalence

50
Q

the FDA publishes annually a book called______ which lists which trade-name drugs are generically interchangeable

A

approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence evaluations— the orange book

51
Q

studies on humans fail to show a risk to the fetus or pregnant woman, lowest risk

A

A

52
Q

animal studies have not shown a risk to the fetus but there are no human studies in pregnant women

A

B

53
Q

animal studies have shown a risk to the fetus, but no human studies on pregnant women have been done

A

C

54
Q

there is evidence that the drug may cause fetal damage, but in lifethreatening situations, benefits for use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk to the fetus. A warning will be printed on label

A

D

55
Q

studies in animals or humans have shown risk to the fetus and woman. the drug is contraindicated in women who are, or may become, pregnant

A

X

pharmacology (11 decks)

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