Chapter 9

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 2

Along a diffusion gradient

Answer 2

Molecules moving from high to low

Question 3

Against a diffusion gradient

Answer 3

Molecules moving from low to high

Question 4

Equilibrium

Answer 4

When the molecules throughout their random movement become distributed throughout the available space

Question 5

Solvent

Answer 5

A liquid in which a substance dissolves

Question 6

Membranes through which different substances diffuse at different rates are

Answer 6

Semipermeable

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region where the water is more concentrated to a region where the water is less concentrated.

Question 8

Osmotic potential

Answer 8

The measure of the potential of water to move from one cell to another as influenced by solute concentration

Question 9

Water gained by osmosis May keep a cell firm or

Answer 9

Turgid

Question 10

Turgor pressure

Answer 10

Develops against the walls as a result of water entering the cell

Question 11

Water potential

Answer 11

Osmotic potential and pressure potential combined

Question 12

Plasmolysis

Answer 12

Loss of water through osmosis that is accompanied by the shrinkage of protoplasm away from the cell wall

Question 13

Colloidal materials

Answer 13

Materials that contain a permanent suspension of fine particles

Question 14

Imbition

Answer 14

Results In the swelling of tissues whether they are dead or alive

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

The plants absorb and retain solutes against diffusion gradient through the expenditure of energy

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Question 16

Cohesion tension theory

Answer 16

“Columns” of water molecules are pulled through the plant from roots to leaves.

The difference between the water potentials (concentrations) of two areas generates the force to transport water in a plant.

Question 17

Translocation means

Answer 17

Transportation of food substances by use of phloem

Question 18

Pressure flow (mass flow) hypothesis

Answer 18

Good substances in a solution Farlow from a source where water enters by osmosis. The water exits at a sink which is a place where food is utilized.

Question 19

Essential elements

Answer 19

C. HOPKNS CaFe Mg B Mn CuZn Mo Cl (Ni?)Co

Question 20

Mineral elements

Answer 20

Inorganic nutrients, divided into micro and macro nutrients

Question 21

Macronutrients

Answer 21

Used by plants in greater amounts and constitute from 0.5% to 3.0% of the dry weight of the plant.

Question 22

Micronutrients

Answer 22

Needed In the plant in very small amounts, often constituting only a few parts per million (ppm) of the dry weight.

Question 23

What are the names of the Macronutrients?

Answer 23

Nitrogen, Potassium, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and sulfur.

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Question 24

Hydroponics

Answer 24

A technique used to grow plants using mineral nutrient solutions without soil.