Chapter 20 Flashcards
Gametangia
Gamete producing structures
Sporangia
spore producing structures
Bryophytes have a
sterile cell jacket
embryos
Immature plantlets
The bryophytes are characterized into these three phyla
- Phylum Hepaticophyta (liverworts)
- Phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
- Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)
Phylum Hepaticophyta
Liverworts. Gametophytes grow horizontally and have a flattened or leafy appearance which may resemble lobes of animal liver. The gametophyte of some liverworts may form cup like structures that produce spores asexually, although sexual reproduction also takes place to produce the sporophyte
Phylum Anthocerophyta
Hornworts. Gametophytes may resemble those of liverworts, sometimes with a crumpled appearance and, after fertilization, the sporophyte resembles a hornlike structure that projects out of the gametophyte
Phylum Bryophyta
Mosses. Gametophytes vary but can have stem-like and leaflike structures that make them distinguishable from liverworts and hornworts. Sporophytes produced after fertilization often tower above the gametophyte generation and release spores from unique sporangia
None of the bryophytes have
xylem or phloem
Hydroids
water conducting cells in the centers of their stems
Leptoids
food conducting cells surrounding hydroids
Alternation of Generations
A pattern of reproduction occurring in the life cycles bryophytes and other organisms (gametophyte and sporophyte)
In mosses, the leafy part of the plant is part of the ___________ generation
gametophyte generation, that produces the gametes
The _____ generation grows from a leafy gametophyte and produces _________
sporophyte, spores
Monophyletic
derived from a common ancestor
Thalli, singularl: thallus
flattened, lobed, somewhat leaflike bodies of liverworts
Protonema
immature gametophyte consisting of a short filament of cells
Marchantia is a type of
thalloid liverwort
Marchantia reproduces asexually by means of
Gemmae, singular: gemma
gemmae, singular: gemma
tiny lense shaped pieces of tissue that become detached from the thallus. they are produced in small gemma cups on the surface of the liverwort
Gametophores
umbrella like structures borne on slender stalks rising from the central grooves of the thallus
male gametophore is called
anteridiophore, Shaped disklike with a scalloped margin
Female gametophyte and shape
Archegoniophore, looks like the hub and spokes of a wagon wheel
Club shaped male gametangia
antheridia
Flask-like female gametangia
archegonia
antheridia produce
sperm
archegonia produce
eggs
After fertilization, the zygote develops into a multicellular
embryo
embryo
an immature sporophyte
A knoblike ____ anchors the sporophyte
foot
the sporophyte hangs suspended from the underside of the archegoniophore by a short, thick stalk called
seta
The main part of the sporophyte , in which different types of tissues develop is called
a capsule
Liverwort sporophytes typically have
no stomata
sporocytes
spore mother cells, in the capsule undergo meiosis, producing haploid spores
Elaters
long pointed things with spiral thickenings. they are sensitive to changes in humidity
Spore dispersal in marchantia takes place when
elaters twist and untwist rapidly
Until the young sporophyte is mature, it is protected by the
calyptra
calyptra
a caplike tissue that grows out from the gametophyte
Hornworts reproduce asexually primarily by
fragmentation
3 kinds of mosses
- peat mosses
- rock mosses
- true mosses
Venter
thick nasty cells surrounding the tube and egg
Neck canal
canal that leads to the egg
Operculum
little rimmed lid that protects a capsule
peristomes
structures through which spores are released after the operculum falls off
desiccation
ability to tolerate drying out
