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General Botany > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Gametangia

A

Gamete producing structures

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2
Q

Sporangia

A

spore producing structures

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3
Q

Bryophytes have a

A

sterile cell jacket

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4
Q

embryos

A

Immature plantlets

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5
Q

The bryophytes are characterized into these three phyla

A
  • Phylum Hepaticophyta (liverworts)
  • Phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
  • Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)
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6
Q

Phylum Hepaticophyta

A

Liverworts. Gametophytes grow horizontally and have a flattened or leafy appearance which may resemble lobes of animal liver. The gametophyte of some liverworts may form cup like structures that produce spores asexually, although sexual reproduction also takes place to produce the sporophyte

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7
Q

Phylum Anthocerophyta

A

Hornworts. Gametophytes may resemble those of liverworts, sometimes with a crumpled appearance and, after fertilization, the sporophyte resembles a hornlike structure that projects out of the gametophyte

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8
Q

Phylum Bryophyta

A

Mosses. Gametophytes vary but can have stem-like and leaflike structures that make them distinguishable from liverworts and hornworts. Sporophytes produced after fertilization often tower above the gametophyte generation and release spores from unique sporangia

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9
Q

None of the bryophytes have

A

xylem or phloem

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10
Q

Hydroids

A

water conducting cells in the centers of their stems

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11
Q

Leptoids

A

food conducting cells surrounding hydroids

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12
Q

Alternation of Generations

A

A pattern of reproduction occurring in the life cycles bryophytes and other organisms (gametophyte and sporophyte)

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13
Q

In mosses, the leafy part of the plant is part of the ___________ generation

A

gametophyte generation, that produces the gametes

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14
Q

The _____ generation grows from a leafy gametophyte and produces _________

A

sporophyte, spores

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15
Q

Monophyletic

A

derived from a common ancestor

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16
Q

Thalli, singularl: thallus

A

flattened, lobed, somewhat leaflike bodies of liverworts

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17
Q

Protonema

A

immature gametophyte consisting of a short filament of cells

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18
Q

Marchantia is a type of

A

thalloid liverwort

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19
Q

Marchantia reproduces asexually by means of

A

Gemmae, singular: gemma

20
Q

gemmae, singular: gemma

A

tiny lense shaped pieces of tissue that become detached from the thallus. they are produced in small gemma cups on the surface of the liverwort

21
Q

Gametophores

A

umbrella like structures borne on slender stalks rising from the central grooves of the thallus

22
Q

male gametophore is called

A

anteridiophore, Shaped disklike with a scalloped margin

23
Q

Female gametophyte and shape

A

Archegoniophore, looks like the hub and spokes of a wagon wheel

24
Q

Club shaped male gametangia

A

antheridia

25
Q

Flask-like female gametangia

A

archegonia

26
Q

antheridia produce

A

sperm

27
Q

archegonia produce

A

eggs

28
Q

After fertilization, the zygote develops into a multicellular

A

embryo

29
Q

embryo

A

an immature sporophyte

30
Q

A knoblike ____ anchors the sporophyte

A

foot

31
Q

the sporophyte hangs suspended from the underside of the archegoniophore by a short, thick stalk called

A

seta

32
Q

The main part of the sporophyte , in which different types of tissues develop is called

A

a capsule

33
Q

Liverwort sporophytes typically have

A

no stomata

34
Q

sporocytes

A

spore mother cells, in the capsule undergo meiosis, producing haploid spores

35
Q

Elaters

A

long pointed things with spiral thickenings. they are sensitive to changes in humidity

36
Q

Spore dispersal in marchantia takes place when

A

elaters twist and untwist rapidly

37
Q

Until the young sporophyte is mature, it is protected by the

A

calyptra

38
Q

calyptra

A

a caplike tissue that grows out from the gametophyte

39
Q

Hornworts reproduce asexually primarily by

A

fragmentation

40
Q

3 kinds of mosses

A
  • peat mosses
  • rock mosses
  • true mosses
41
Q

Venter

A

thick nasty cells surrounding the tube and egg

42
Q

Neck canal

A

canal that leads to the egg

43
Q

Operculum

A

little rimmed lid that protects a capsule

44
Q

peristomes

A

structures through which spores are released after the operculum falls off

45
Q

desiccation

A

ability to tolerate drying out

General Botany (18 decks)

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