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General Botany > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Annuals

A

Complete life cycle is completed in a single season

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2
Q

Biennials

A

Take two growing seasons to complete the cycle

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3
Q

Perennials

A

May take several to many growing seasons to go from a germinated seed to a plant producing new seeds.

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4
Q

Peduncle

A

Specialized branch at the tip of a stalk

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5
Q

Pedicels

A

Branchlets if smaller stalks coming from peduncle

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6
Q

Receptacle

A

Swelling of a peduncle or pedicel into a small pad

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7
Q

Sepal

A

Leaflike features about the receptacle

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8
Q

Calyx

A

Collective referral of the sepals

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9
Q

Petals

A

Attract pollinators.

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10
Q

Petals are collectively referred to as

A

The corolla

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11
Q

Collective term of calyx and corolla

A

Perianth

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12
Q

Bracts

A

Specialized leaves that are colorful and attract pollinators

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13
Q

Stamen

A

Male reproductive part

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14
Q

Pistil

A

Female reproductive part

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15
Q

each stamen consists of

A

A slender filament with a sac called an anther at the top

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16
Q

Pollen grains are found in

A

The anther

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17
Q

The pistil consists of

A

Stigma- sticky tip
Style- tube connecting stigma to ovary
Ovary- swollen base which later turns to fruit.

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18
Q

Carpels

A

Ovule bearing leaves

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19
Q

Superior ovary

A

Occurs when the calyx and corolla are attached to the receptacle at the base of the ovary

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20
Q

Inferior ovary

A

Occurs when the receptacle grows up around the ovary.

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21
Q

Ovules

A

Eventually become a seed.

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22
Q

Inflorescences

A

Groups of several to hundreds of flowers that may all open at the same time.

23
Q

Fruit

A

Any ovary and it’s accessory parts that has developed and matured

24
Q

The skin forms the

A

Exocarp

25
Q

The inner boundary around the seed(s) forms the

A

Endocarp

26
Q

Mesocarp

A

Fleshy tissue between the exocarp and endocarp

27
Q

Pericarp

A

The exocarp, endocarp, and mesocarp combined

28
Q

Simple fleshy fruits

A

Develop from a flower with a single pistil

29
Q

Drupe

A

A simple fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed by a hard, stony pit

30
Q

Berries

A

Develop from a compound ovary and commonly contain more than one seed

31
Q

True berry

A

A fruit with a thin skin and a pericarp that is relatively soft at maturity

32
Q

Pepos

A

Berries with relatively thick rinds

33
Q

Hesperidium

A

Berry with leathery skin containing oils

34
Q

Pomes

A

Simple fleshy fruits, the bulk of whose flesh comes from the enlarged floral tube or receptacle that grows up around the ovary

35
Q

Dehiscent fruits

A

Dry fruits that spilt at maturity

36
Q

Follicle

A

Dehiscent- splits along one side or seam.

37
Q

Legume

A

Dehiscent- splits along two sides or seams

38
Q

Siliques

A

Dehiscent- splits along alone two sides or seams, but the seeds are borne on a central position. (Broccoli, cabbage)

39
Q

Capsules

A

Consist of at least 2 carpels and split a variety of ways.

40
Q

Indehiscent fruits

A

Dry fruits that do not split at maturity

41
Q

Achene

A

Only the base of the single seed is attached to the pericarp

Ex: sunflower seeds

42
Q

Nuts

A

One seeded fruits similar to achenes, but larger and the pericarp is harder.

43
Q

Grain

A

The pericarp is united with the grain and cannot be separated.
Ex: corn, wheat

44
Q

Samaras

A

The pericarp surrounding the seed extends out in the form of a wing or membrane, which aids in dispersal

45
Q

Aggregate fruit

A

Derived from a single flower with several to many pistils

46
Q

Multiple fruits

A

Derived from several to many flowers in a single inflorescence

47
Q

Dispersal

A

Wind
Animals
Water
Humans

48
Q

Plumule

A

Embryonic shoot of a seed

49
Q

Epicotyl

A

Short part of stem above cotyledons

50
Q

Hypocotyl

A

The stem below the attachment point of cotyledons

51
Q

Radicle

A

The tip that will develop into a root

52
Q

Coleoptile/coleorhiza

A

Tubular sheathing structures that enclose the plumule and radicle

53
Q

After ripening

A

The seeds will not germinate after the fruit has dropped until the embryo has developed fully with the aid of food materials stored in its endosperm

General Botany (18 decks)

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