Chapter 23

Question 1

Angiosperm in Greek

Answer 1

” vessel”“seed”, flowering plant

Question 2

The “vessel” is the

Answer 2

carpel

Question 3

carpel

Answer 3

inrolled leaf with seeds along its margins

Question 4

Many flowers have

Answer 4

pistils

Question 5

A seed develops from an _____ in a ________ and is part of an _____ that becomes a _____

Answer 5

Ovule, carpel, ovary, fruit

Question 6

All angiosperms are presently considered to be in the Phylum

Answer 6

Magnoliophyta

Question 7

Phylum Magnoliophyta is divided into two large classes

Answer 7

Magnoliopsida (dicots)

Liliopsida (monocots)

Question 8

pteridosperms

Answer 8

seed ferns

Question 9

Saprophyte

Answer 9

their nutrients come from the absorption of dead organic material

Question 10

Angiosperms are heterosporous, meaning

Answer 10

they produce two kinds of spores

Question 11

At maturity, the male gametophyte consists of

Answer 11

a pollen grain with three nuclei

Question 12

while the flower is developing in the bud, a ________ cell differentiates from all the other cells in the ovule

Answer 12

megasporocyte

Question 13

This megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, producing 4 haploid

Answer 13

megaspores

Question 14

Soon after the megaspores are produced,

Answer 14

three of the megaspores degenerate and disappear, but the nucleus of the fourth undergoes mitosis and the cell enlarges

Question 15

By the end of the division process, _ haploid nuclei are produced

Answer 15

8

Question 16

Integuments

Answer 16

layers that later become the seed coat

Question 17

As the integuments develop, they leave a pore called the

Answer 17

micropyle

Question 18

female gamete

Answer 18

egg

Question 19

male gamete

Answer 19

sperm

Question 20

synergids

Answer 20

assist in guiding a pollen tube to the egg

Question 21

pollen tube

Answer 21

method of transportation for the pollen to the egg

Question 22

Antipodals

Answer 22

3 remaining cells at the other end that help with nutrient absorption

Question 23

A process that leads to the formation of the male gametophyte takes place in the

Answer 23

anther

Question 24

As an anther develops, four patches of tissue

Answer 24

differentiate from the main mass of cells

Question 25

these differentiated patches of tissue contain many

Answer 25

microsporocyte cells

Question 26

Each microsporocyte cell undergoes meiosis, producing a

Answer 26

quartet, or tetrad of microspores

Question 27

The following 3 changes are most important

Answer 27

1. the microspore divides once by mitosis to produce two cells. one of the cells (the generative cell) is small and is formed inside the larger cell (the tube cell)
2. The membrane of each quartet of microspores separate from one another
3. a two layered wall, whose outer layer is often finely sculptured, develops around each microspore

Question 28

When the 3 most important changes are complete, the microspores have become

Answer 28

pollen grains

Question 29

exine

Answer 29

the outer layer of the pollen grain wall, and contains chemicals

Question 30

apertures

Answer 30

Many pollen grains have 3 pore like apertures in the wall, the number of apertures may range from one to many

Question 31

Pollination

Answer 31

the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

Question 32

Fertilization

Answer 32

involves the union of the egg and sperm

Question 33

double fertilization

Answer 33

one sperm migrates from the synergid to the egg, the sperm cell nucleus then unites with the egg nucleus, forming a zygote.

The other sperm cell also migrates from the synergid to the central cell, and upon reaching the central cell, they unite and form a triploid endosperm nucleus

Question 34

endosperm

Answer 34

nutritive triploid tissue that may have hundreds of thousands of nuclei

Question 35

apomictically

Answer 35

some embryos can develop this way, that is, without the fusion of gametes

Question 36

Parthenocarpic

Answer 36

fruits that develop from ovaries having unfertilized eggs

Question 37

radial symmetry

Answer 37

flower can be divided into two equal halves along more than one lengthwise plane

Question 38

inferior ovary

Answer 38

when the ovary is embedded in the receptacle and other parts

Question 39

epigynous

Answer 39

inferior ovary with flower parts attached at the top

Question 40

superior ovary

Answer 40

produced on top of the receptacle with the other flower parts around its base

Question 41

hypogonous

Answer 41

such flower parts that attach around the base of a superior ovary

Question 42

Some flowers appear to have ovaries in an ___________ position with _________ flower parts

Answer 42

intermediate, perigynous

Question 43

bilateral symmetry

Answer 43

capable of being divided into two symmetrical halves only by a single lengthwise plane passing through the axis

Question 44

Complete flower

Answer 44

has a calyx, corolla, stamens, pistil

Question 45

Missing flower

Answer 45

missing one or more of the elements that make a complete flower. (calyx, corolla, stamens, pistil)

Question 46

Perfect

Answer 46

both stamens and pistil are present

Question 47

Imperfect (unisexual)

Answer 47

has either stamens or a pistil but not both

Question 48

Monoecious

Answer 48

both imperfect flower sexes occur on the same plant

Question 49

dioecious

Answer 49

the imperfect flower sexes occur on different plants in the same species. (ginkgo)

Question 50

All pollinators are attracted to

Answer 50

different individualized characteristics of plants

Question 51

Pollinia (singular: pollinium)

Answer 51

sacs that the pollen grains of most orchids are produced in. typically have sticky pads at their bases