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General Botany > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

There are about _____ known species of mushrooms, rusts, smuts, mildews, molds, stinkhorns, puffballs, truffles, and other organisms in the kingdom fungi. With over 1,000 more being named every year

A

45,000

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2
Q

Hyphae

A

Individual delicate threads

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3
Q

Mycelium

A

A collective mass of hyphae

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4
Q

Mycologist

A

Scientist who studies fungi

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5
Q

Mycophagist

A

Consumer of a mushroom type fungi

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6
Q

Mycologist comes from the Greek word ______, meaning “a fungus”

A

Myketos

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7
Q

All true fungi have ______ in their cell walls

A

Chitin

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8
Q

Chitin

A

A large nitrogenous polysaccharide that is tough and flexible

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9
Q

All fungi are ___________ or _____________ ________

A

Filamentous, or unicellular heterotrophs

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10
Q

Saprobe

A

Organism that lives on dead organic matter

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11
Q

Mycorrhizal fungi have a __________ relationship with plants

A

mutualistic

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12
Q

Chytrids produce

A

Flagellated reproductive cells

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13
Q

Chytrid

A

simple, mostly one celled organisms that include many parasites of protists, aquatic fungi, aquatic flowering plants and algae

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14
Q

Rhizoids

A

Branching threads that anchor the organism to its food source

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15
Q

Coenocytic

A

Multinucleate mycelia without crosswalls

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16
Q

Sporangiophores

A

grow upright and produce ________

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17
Q

Sporangia

A

produced at the tip of a sporangiophore

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18
Q

Spores

A

produced within sporangium

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19
Q

Progametangia

A

Swellings produced with the chemicals of one hypha being attracted to another

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20
Q

The progametangia grow toward one another until the touch, a crosswall is formed a short distance behind each tip and two ___________ emerge

A

Gametangia

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21
Q

When the Gametangia appears, this entire mass becomes a single, large multinucleate _________-

A

coenozygote

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22
Q

Zygosporangium

A

thick wall that surrounds the coenozygote

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23
Q

Truffles

A

gourmet mushrooms that are found using pigs

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24
Q

Ascomycetes

A

Varied phylum of true fungi which includes truffles, morels, powdery mildews, etc.

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25
Q

conidia (singular: Conidium)

A

spores that are produced externally– Outside of a sporangium– either singly or In chains at the tips of hyphae called CONIDIOPHORES

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26
Q

Budding

A

Appears in asexual production of yeasts// As a yeast cell buds, the nucleus divides, and a small protuberance appears to balloon out slowly from the cell. One daughter nucleus moves into the bud, which becomes pinched off as it grows to full size

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27
Q

Asci (singular: ascus)

A

tiny, fingerlike sacs

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28
Q

Antheridia

29
Q

Ascogonia

30
Q

Crozier

A

Acogenous hyphae

31
Q

Hymenium

A

finger like, tubular asci

32
Q

ergotism

A

a disease that can be developed after eating bread made with grains affected by disease

33
Q

Plant diseases caused by fungi

A
  • Potato blight

- downy mildew of grapes

34
Q

Stinkhorn fungi’s pollinators

A

Insects attracted to the nasty smell

35
Q

Basidiomycetes

A

club fungi

36
Q

Why are basidiomycetes called club fungi?

A

Because in sexual reproduction, they produce their spores at the tips of swollen hyphae that often resemble small clubs

37
Q

Basidia (plural: basidium)

A

Swollen hyphal tips

38
Q

Dolipore

A

central pore

39
Q

Monokaryotic

A

The hyphae of the mycelium are divided into cells that each contain a single haploid nucleus

40
Q

dikaryotic

A

Each cell has 2 nuclei

41
Q

Basidioma

A

above ground instrument for spore dispersal. Ex: Mushroom

42
Q

Volva

A

swollen structure at the base of a mushroom

43
Q

gills

A

found on the underside of a mushroom cap

44
Q

Basidia

A

found among the gills, oriented at right angles among the gills

45
Q

Basidiospores

A

produced from basidia.

46
Q

Shelf/ Bracket Fungi

A

grow out horizontally from the bark or dead wood to which they are anchored

47
Q

Birds nest fungi method of dispersal:

A

water splashing in the “nests”

48
Q

Lentinacin

A

An agent capable of lowering human cholesterol, found in shiitake mushrooms

49
Q

Imperfect fungus

A

any fungus for which a sexual stage has not been observed is classified as this

50
Q

Haustoria

A

small, rhizoid-like outgrowths that grow into a victims body and digest it

51
Q

penicillium molds secrete

A

penicillin

52
Q

Penicillin

A

A widely used antibiotic

53
Q

Antibiotic

A

A substance produced by a living organism that interferes with the normal metabolism of another living organism

54
Q

Aflatoxin

A

most potent natural carcinogen known, causes liver cancer

55
Q

Lichens live in a _________ relationship

56
Q

Thallus

A

spongy component that carries out photosynthesis

57
Q

Layers of a Lichen

A
  • Upper cortex
  • Algal Layer
  • medulla
  • lower cortex
58
Q

upper cortex

A

Protective layer

59
Q

Algal Layer

A

Algal or cyanobacterial cells are scattered among strands of hyphae

60
Q

medulla

A

Storage unit for the lichen. consists of loosely packed hyphae.

61
Q

Lower cortex

A

frequently but not always present. Resembles the upper cortex. covered in anchoring strands of Hyphae called rhizines

62
Q

Rhizines

A

Anchoring strands of hyphae located on the lower cortex

63
Q

3 types of Lichens

A
  • Crustose
  • Foliose
  • fruticose
64
Q

Crustose

A

Attached or embedded over the entire lower surface of their substrate

65
Q

Foliose

A

Have somewhat leaflike thalli, which often overlap one another. They are weakly attached to the substrate. The edges are frequently crinkly or divided into lobes

66
Q

Fruticose

A

May resemble miniature shrubs or hang down in festoons from branches. Their thalli which are usually branches are basically in cylindrical in form and are attached at one point.

67
Q

soredia (singular: soredium)

A

powdery clusters of hyphae and algae

68
Q

Isidia

A

specialized parts of the thallus that may break off or be separated by decay

General Botany (18 decks)

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