Chapter 9

Question 1

What are some variables that influence language acquisition?

Answer 1

Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, region, gender, peer group association, first language community/culture

Question 2

Language variety shared by a group of speakers; goes beyond pronunciation

Answer 2

Dialect

Question 3

Difference in pronunciation and articulation

Answer 3

Accent

Question 4

Language structure has been traced back to African languages and Standard American English

Answer 4

African American English (AAE)

Question 5

Alternating between dialects or languages based on setting and communication partners

Answer 5

Code switching

Question 6

What are some syntactic features of AAE?

Answer 6

Habitual “be”

Question 7

What are some phonological features of AAE?

Answer 7

consonant cluster reduction, suffix -s reduction, phonological inversion

Question 8

Almost __% of the US population speaks a language other than English at home

Answer 8

20

Question 9

What is one language assessment test that takes AAE into consideration?

Answer 9

DELV 1

Question 10

Learn two first languages from birth

Answer 10

Simultaneous bilingualism

Question 11

Learn two first languages, but second learning language doesn’t start at birth, instead within the first three years

Answer 11

Sequential bilingualism

Question 12

What hypothesis has the most evidence for bilingualism?

Answer 12

Dual language system hypothesis

Question 13

In the child’s brain, they were only learning 1 language and eventually realize that they are learning 2 languages

Answer 13

Unitary language system hypothesis

Question 14

They know the differences between the 2 languages they were learning

Answer 14

Dual language system hypothesis

Question 15

Child has two different language systems and chooses one over the other depending on context

Answer 15

Stage 1 of Owen’s stages of development in simultaneous bilingualism

Question 16

Separate vocabularies, but one grammatical system used for both languages

Answer 16

Stage 2 of Owen’s stages of development in simultaneous bilingualism

Question 17

Consistently keeps the vocabularies and syntactic systems separate

Answer 17

Stage 3 of Owen’s stages of development in simultaneous bilingualism

Question 18

L1

Answer 18

First language

Question 19

L2

Answer 19

Second language

Question 20

Learn L2 after L1 is established

Answer 20

Second language acquisition

Question 21

Using linguistic skills from L1 while learning/using L2

Answer 21

Transfer

Question 22

Not forced to use L1 and lose it

Answer 22

Attrition

Question 23

Develops person and social relationships who speak L2 (basic vocabulary and basic phrases)

Answer 23

Stage 1 of Owen’s stages of development in second language acquisition

Question 24

Makes a concerted effort to communicate in L2

Answer 24

Stage 2 of Owen’s stages of development in second language acquisition

Question 25

Focuses on correctly applying rules of L2

Answer 25

Stage 3 of Owen’s stages of development in second language acquisition

Question 26

Combines L1 and L2 rules, and rules the child invents to help

Answer 26

Interlanguage

Question 27

Earliest grammatical morpheme?

Answer 27

progressive -ing

Question 28

Infants begin losing the ability to perceive phonemes in non-native languages by age __ months

Answer 28

12 months