Chapter 9 Flashcards
What are some variables that influence language acquisition?
Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, region, gender, peer group association, first language community/culture
Language variety shared by a group of speakers; goes beyond pronunciation
Dialect
Difference in pronunciation and articulation
Accent
Language structure has been traced back to African languages and Standard American English
African American English (AAE)
Alternating between dialects or languages based on setting and communication partners
Code switching
What are some syntactic features of AAE?
Habitual “be”
What are some phonological features of AAE?
consonant cluster reduction, suffix -s reduction, phonological inversion
Almost __% of the US population speaks a language other than English at home
20
What is one language assessment test that takes AAE into consideration?
DELV 1
Learn two first languages from birth
Simultaneous bilingualism
Learn two first languages, but second learning language doesn’t start at birth, instead within the first three years
Sequential bilingualism
What hypothesis has the most evidence for bilingualism?
Dual language system hypothesis
In the child’s brain, they were only learning 1 language and eventually realize that they are learning 2 languages
Unitary language system hypothesis
They know the differences between the 2 languages they were learning
Dual language system hypothesis
Child has two different language systems and chooses one over the other depending on context
Stage 1 of Owen’s stages of development in simultaneous bilingualism
Separate vocabularies, but one grammatical system used for both languages
Stage 2 of Owen’s stages of development in simultaneous bilingualism
Consistently keeps the vocabularies and syntactic systems separate
Stage 3 of Owen’s stages of development in simultaneous bilingualism
L1
First language
L2
Second language
Learn L2 after L1 is established
Second language acquisition
Using linguistic skills from L1 while learning/using L2
Transfer
Not forced to use L1 and lose it
Attrition
Develops person and social relationships who speak L2 (basic vocabulary and basic phrases)
Stage 1 of Owen’s stages of development in second language acquisition
Makes a concerted effort to communicate in L2
Stage 2 of Owen’s stages of development in second language acquisition
Focuses on correctly applying rules of L2
Stage 3 of Owen’s stages of development in second language acquisition
Combines L1 and L2 rules, and rules the child invents to help
Interlanguage
Earliest grammatical morpheme?
progressive -ing
Infants begin losing the ability to perceive phonemes in non-native languages by age __ months
12 months
