Chapter 2 Flashcards
Smallest unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning
Phoneme
Acceptable order of sounds in syllables
Phonotactic rules
Rhythm of speech
Prosodic cues
Ability to segment streams of speech
Phonotactic cues
What are the 3 important things in phonological development?
Ability to segment streams of speech, phonemic inventory,
Internal representations vs production of phonemes
Phonemic inventory
What comes first in the phonemic inventory?
Internal representations
What is an example of phonemic inventory?
13 vs 14; cognitively know that they are different but phoneme production may be the same (someone say thirteen for fourteen), vowels before consonants
What does phoneme development depend on?
Frequency in language, frequency of use, complexity
Which phoneme is more likely to develop first? Vowels or consonants?
Vowels since they develop earlier
Which phoneme is more likely to develop first? /r/ or /ŋ/
ŋ
Attend to, analyze, and manipulate the phonological unites of a language; bridge between language development and reading achievement
Phonological awareness
What is an example of phonological awareness?
Say silk without saying /l/, saying fixed without saying /k/, being able to put phonemes together to make a word
What skill is most important for proficient readers?
Phonological awareness
Internalization of the rules that govern word structure
Morphological development
Smallest meaningful units of a language by itself; can be a single sound that carries meaning
Morpheme
Allows for grammatical inflection such as plurals and past-tense verbs; use to make phrases more grammatical accurate
Grammatical morpheme
Must be attached to another morpheme
Bound morpheme
What is an example of a bound morpheme?
plural -s
Morphemes that can stand alone
Free morpheme
What is an example of a free morpheme?
In; regular words
Allows for changing words to different classes of words and changing semantic meaning; use to change root words to derived words
Derivational morphemes
What is an example of derivational morphemes?
Placing prefixes and suffixes on root words (Inter + professional= interprofessional)
Internalizing the rules of language that govern how words are organized into sentences
Syntactic development
Gradually increases from first word to 6 years
Utterance length
Mean number of morphemes per utterance
Mean length of utterance (MLU)
What is a proxy measure of sentence complexity?
MLU
Making a statement
Declarative
Expresses negation
Negatives
Asking questions (Wh-, yes-no questions)
Interrogatives
