Chapter 9 Flashcards
what happens during aerobic respiration
glucose reacts with oxygen which transfers energy to cells
is aerobic respiration endo or exo thermic?
exothermic - energy is transferred to the environment via water
word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water
symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
where does aerobic respiration take place?
mitochondria
why do muscle cells have so many mitochondria
they need a lot of energy to work
3 main uses of respiration in animals
muscular activity
maintain internal body temperature
build or breakdown molecules
in plants what is respiration used for?
moves nutrients ions soil to root hair cells
what do muscles store glucose as?
glycogen
why do muscles store glycogen?
when you exercise, it is easy for the muscles to quickly transfer glycogen to glucose for respiration
why does your heart rate increase and arteries widen during exercise?
so more oxygenated blood can reach the muscles
body responses to exercise (3)
heart rate increases and arteries widen
breathing rate increases
glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose
why does your breathing rate increase during exercise?
there is more oxygen in your lungs and therefore in your blood so cells can respire
CO2 can also be exhaled quicker
what is anaerobic respiration?
when your body can’y supply enough oxygen to your muscles
why is anaerobic respiration inefficient?
the glucose is only partly broken down so far less energy is made
equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose -> lactic acid
what is an oxygen debt?
after exercise, you breathe heavily
this is because your body needs oxygen to react with and breakdown the lactic acid to turn it into carbon dioxide and water
equation for oxygen debt
lactic acid + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
what is fermentation?
anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
how is alcohol produced?
when yeast cells respire anaerobically, they produce ethanol (alcohol)
equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is the metabolism?
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
examples of metabolic reactions in the body (5)
respiration
photosynthesis
making amino acids from nitrate ions and glucose
formation of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids
conversion of starch to glycogen, starch and cellulose
metabolic reactions in the liver (3)
detoxifying substances like alcohol
passing break down products into blood so they can be excreted by kidneys
breaking down worn out blood cells and storing the iron to make new ones
where is lactic acid made back into glucose?
liver
the liver’s role in anaerobic respiration
the blood containing the lactic acid flows to the liver
the liver converts the lactic acid back to glucose to be broken down into CO2 and H2O
Stores excess lactic acid as glycogen until needed
Where does aerobic respiration take place
Mitochondria
How are mitochondria adapted
They have a folded membrane for increased SA
What is energy used for during exercise
Muscle contraction
Why does anaerobic respiration make much less energy
Glucose can’t react with oxygen so isn’t oxidised
where does aerobic respiration take place
mitochondria
where does anaerobic respiration take place
cytoplasm
use of magnesium
makes chlorophyll
use of nitrogen
shoots and growth
use of phosphorous
healthy roots
use of potassium
leaves
