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Biology Revision 🌱 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what happens during aerobic respiration

A

glucose reacts with oxygen which transfers energy to cells

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2
Q

is aerobic respiration endo or exo thermic?

A

exothermic - energy is transferred to the environment via water

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3
Q

word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water

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4
Q

symbol equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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5
Q

where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

why do muscle cells have so many mitochondria

A

they need a lot of energy to work

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7
Q

3 main uses of respiration in animals

A

muscular activity
maintain internal body temperature
build or breakdown molecules

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8
Q

in plants what is respiration used for?

A

moves nutrients ions soil to root hair cells

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9
Q

what do muscles store glucose as?

A

glycogen

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10
Q

why do muscles store glycogen?

A

when you exercise, it is easy for the muscles to quickly transfer glycogen to glucose for respiration

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11
Q

why does your heart rate increase and arteries widen during exercise?

A

so more oxygenated blood can reach the muscles

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12
Q

body responses to exercise (3)

A

heart rate increases and arteries widen
breathing rate increases
glycogen in muscles is converted to glucose

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13
Q

why does your breathing rate increase during exercise?

A

there is more oxygen in your lungs and therefore in your blood so cells can respire
CO2 can also be exhaled quicker

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14
Q

what is anaerobic respiration?

A

when your body can’y supply enough oxygen to your muscles

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15
Q

why is anaerobic respiration inefficient?

A

the glucose is only partly broken down so far less energy is made

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16
Q

equation for anaerobic respiration

A

glucose -> lactic acid

17
Q

what is an oxygen debt?

A

after exercise, you breathe heavily
this is because your body needs oxygen to react with and breakdown the lactic acid to turn it into carbon dioxide and water

18
Q

equation for oxygen debt

A

lactic acid + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

19
Q

what is fermentation?

A

anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

20
Q

how is alcohol produced?

A

when yeast cells respire anaerobically, they produce ethanol (alcohol)

21
Q

equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast

A

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

22
Q

what is the metabolism?

A

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

23
Q

examples of metabolic reactions in the body (5)

A

respiration
photosynthesis
making amino acids from nitrate ions and glucose
formation of lipids from glycerol and fatty acids
conversion of starch to glycogen, starch and cellulose

24
Q

metabolic reactions in the liver (3)

A

detoxifying substances like alcohol
passing break down products into blood so they can be excreted by kidneys
breaking down worn out blood cells and storing the iron to make new ones

25
Q

where is lactic acid made back into glucose?

A

liver

26
Q

the liver’s role in anaerobic respiration

A

the blood containing the lactic acid flows to the liver
the liver converts the lactic acid back to glucose to be broken down into CO2 and H2O
Stores excess lactic acid as glycogen until needed

27
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place

A

Mitochondria

28
Q

How are mitochondria adapted

A

They have a folded membrane for increased SA

29
Q

What is energy used for during exercise

A

Muscle contraction

30
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration make much less energy

A

Glucose can’t react with oxygen so isn’t oxidised

31
Q

where does aerobic respiration take place

A

mitochondria

32
Q

where does anaerobic respiration take place

A

cytoplasm

33
Q

use of magnesium

A

makes chlorophyll

34
Q

use of nitrogen

A

shoots and growth

35
Q

use of phosphorous

A

healthy roots

36
Q

use of potassium

A

leaves

Biology Revision 🌱 (18 decks)

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