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Biology Revision 🌱 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name some risk factors for disease (6)

A 
exercise
diet
environment
lifestyle
genes
smoking
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2
Q

what is a correlation?

A

when there is a link between two variables

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3
Q

what is a casual mechanism?

A

explains how one factor influences anther through biological processes, eg smoking leads to cancer

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4
Q

main difference between a communicable and a non-communicable disease

A

you can’t pass non-communicable diseases from person to person

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5
Q

what is a tumour?

A

when cells grow uncontrollably and randomly

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6
Q

what is a benign tumour

A

it isn’t cancerous but is formed inside membranes so it can’t invade other parts of the body

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7
Q

why are benign tumours dangerous?

A

they can put pressure on organs or other vital parts of the body

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8
Q

what is a malignant tumour?

A

a cancerous tumour that can spread around the body and infect other cells

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9
Q

how can a malignant tumour spread?

A

cells break off and travel in the bloodstream to other areas of the body and continue growing to cause secondary tumours

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10
Q

risk factors of cancer

A

smoking
obesity
UV exposure
severe viral infections

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11
Q

how is cancer treated?

A

radiotherapy

chemotherapy

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12
Q

what is radiotherapy

A

radiation destroys cancer cells to stop them multiplying

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13
Q

problems with radiotherapy?

A

can damage healthy cells

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14
Q

what is chemotherapy?

A

chemicals are used to destroy the cancerous cells

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15
Q

drugs found in tobacco (3)

A

carbon monoxide
nicotine
tar

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16
Q

why is nicotine so dangerous?

A

it gets people addicted to smoking

17
Q

why is carbon monoxide so dangerous?

A

it takes up space in RBCs so they cant carry as much oxygen

18
Q

why is it dangerous to smoke during pregnancy?

A

the women has to supply oxygen to the baby as well, so the baby doesn’t get as much and may not develop properly

19
Q

why is tar so dangerous?

A

it destroys alveoli and accumulates in the lungs, causing breathlessness

20
Q

how can smoking damage the heart? (3)

A

it narrows blood vessels - heart must work harder
nicotine makes it work harder - gets tired
increased blood pressure

21
Q

what is excess food stored as?

A

fat

22
Q

why is exercise so good for you? (3)

A

you have more muscle tissue = higher metabolism = less food stored as fat and more used for energy
lowers cholesterol = less fatty deposits in arteries
heart is fitter = better blood supply

23
Q

complications of fat (2)

A

type 2 diabetes

heart disease

24
Q

what is obesity and no exercise a risk factor for?

A

type 2 diabetes

25
Q

what part of your body filters alcohol from the blood?

A

liver

26
Q

diseases related to alcohol

A

cirrhosis of the liver - damaged liver cells cant do their job
liver cancer - alcohol is a carcinogen
brain damage

27
Q

why can alcohol cause brain damage?

A

it diffuses easily into the brain and affects bodily functions

28
Q

what is a carcinogen?

A

something that increases your risk of getting cancer

29
Q

why is it dangerous to drink alcohol during pregnancy?

A

it passes to the baby but the developing liver can’t cope with it so the development of the baby is affected

30
Q

name 3 carcinogens

A

smoking
alcohol
ionising radiation

31
Q

how is ionising radiation a carcinogen?

A

the radiation penetrates into your cells, affecting function and causing mutations

32
Q

sources of ionising radiation (4)

A

the sun
x-rays
accidents in nuclear power plants
in some areas it can be found in the soil, such as radon gas in cornwall

33
Q

What is a carcinogen

A

Something that increases your risk of cancer

34
Q

How can tar cause lung cancers

A

It breaks down the alveoli in the delicate lung tissue

Reduces SA to volume ratio of lungs which leads to breathlessness and death

35
Q

Why are people who do regular exercise normally healthier than those who don’t

A

Increased metabolism
Fit heart
Better blood supply
Lower cholesterol

36
Q

What is cirrhosis of the liver

A

A disease that destroys liver tissue
Replaced with scar tissue
Can’t function properly

37
Q

What is a lifestyle factor?

A

Behavioural and social issues that impact on health

Biology Revision 🌱 (18 decks)

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