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Biology Revision 🌱 > Chapter 5 🌌 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 🌌 Flashcards

1
Q

What are communicable diseases caused by?

A

Pathogens such as bacteria and viruses

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2
Q

How can diet affect health?

A

Too little food or nutrients = anaemia or deficiency diseases

Too much = cancers or type 2 diabetes

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3
Q

How can stress affect health?

A

Heart disease, cancers and mental health problems

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4
Q

Examples of life situations that affect health

A 
Financial status
Gender 
Ethnicity
Hygiene
Sanitation
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5
Q

What is health?

A

Physical and mental well being

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6
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

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7
Q

What is different between viruses and bacteria?

A

Viruses take over living cells to reproduce

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8
Q

How are pathogens spread through the air?

A

Sneezing and droplets travelling through the air

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9
Q

How are diseases spread?

A

Through air contact and water

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10
Q

What is binary fission?

A

How bacteria divide

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11
Q

Why are microorganisms cultures at <25 degrees?

A

Stops spreading to human

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12
Q

What did Semmelweis do?

A

Told surgeons to wash hands

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13
Q

What did Louis Pasteur discover?

A

Vaccines against anthrax and rabies

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14
Q

What did Joseph lister discover?

A

Antiseptic

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15
Q

Examples of hygiene to stop disease spreading?

A

Hand washing
Keeping raw meat separate
Using tissues

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16
Q

Ways to stop disease spreading?

A

Hygiene
Isolating infected individuals
Destroying/controlling vectors
Vaccines

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17
Q

Problems of measles

A

No cure

Possible blindness and brain damage

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18
Q

Characteristics of hiv/aids

A

HIV is a flu like virus that attacks immune system. Progresses to aids where immune system is severely damage

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19
Q

How can hiv be presented

A

Condoms, not sharing needles, screening blood

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20
Q

Characteristics of tobacco mosaic virus

A

Distinctive pattern on leaves
Spread between contact
No treatment

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21
Q

Characteristics of salmonella

A

Bacteria found in raw meat and egg

Symptoms include cramps sickness diarrhoea

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22
Q

Characteristics of gonorrhoea

A

STD
spread by unprotected sex
Symptoms include green discharge
Bacterial so killed by antibiotics

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23
Q

Examples of bacterial diseases in plants

A

Crown galls

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24
Q

Fungal diseases in humans

A

Few but include athletes foot

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25
Characteristics of rose black spot
Fungal disease | Purple or black spots
26
Why is rose black spot so bad?
Leaves turn yellow and drop = less photosynthesis
27
What is a protist?
What the vector transfers
28
How is skin adapted to stop microorganisms?
Acts as a barrier Layer of dead skin cells Antibacterial secretions
29
How is the respiratory system adapted against microorganisms?
Nose full of hairs which trap pathogens Mucus Stomach acid
30
What are the three roles of WBCs?
Ingest microorganisms Produce antibodies Produce antitoxins
31
What is an aphid?
Insects that penetrate into phloem and feed on sap
32
What does a lack of magnesium lead to?
Yellow leaves - chlorosis
33
What does a nitrate deficiency do?
Limited growth
34
What does phosphorous do?
Healthy roots
35
Physical barriers of plants
Cell walls Tough waxy cuticle Layer of dead cells Dropping leaves
36
Chemical barriers of plants
Antibacterial chemicals
37
Mechanical defences of plants
``` Poisons Thorns Hairs Dropping of curling leaves Mimicry ill plants ```
38
Name 3 viral diseases
Measles HIV Tobacco Mosaic Virus
39
how is measles spread?
bodily fluids
40
symptoms of measles
red rash | fever
41
how is HIV spread
sexual contact
42
symptoms of HIV
flu-like symptoms
43
what does HIV do?
attacks immune system
44
why is HIV so bad?
it can turn into AIDS, where your body cant defend itself against diseases
45
symptoms of TMV
mosaic pattern on plant leaves
46
why is TMV so bad?
the discolouration of leaves means the plant cant photosynthesise so it affects growth
47
name a fungal disease that attacks plants
Rose black spot
48
symptoms of rose black spot
purple or black spots grow on plant leaves
49
why is rose black spot so bad?
it causes the leaves to drop off so the plant cant photosynthesise and grow
50
how is RBS spread
water or air
51
name a disease caused by a protist
malaria
52
how does malaria spread?
a protist carrying the disease attaches to a mosquito and so when the mosquito feeds off a human, it transmits the disease
53
symptoms of malaria
fever
54
how to prevent malaria
mosquito nets | insecticide
55
how to prevent RBS
fungicides and removing infected plant
56
how to prevent measles
vaccination
57
name two bacterial diseases
salmonella | gonorrhoea
58
symptoms of salmonella
fever stomach cramps sickness diarrhoea
59
how is salmonella spread/caught?
by eating contaminated food
60
how to prevent salmonella
cook food properly | vaccinate chickens
61
how is gonorrhoea spread?
sexual contact
62
symptoms of gonorrhoea
painful urination | green or yellow discharge
63
why is gonorrhoea now trickier to prevent?
strains of it have become resistant to penicillin
64
how to prevent getting gonorrhoea?
use barrier methods of contraception | antibiotics
65
how to reduce spread of disease (4)
hygiene destroy vectors isolation vaccination
66
what is phagocytosis?
when WBCs engulf pathogens
67
What can a bad diet cause
Type 2 diabetes or cancers
68
What can stress cause
Heart disease Cancer Mental problems
69
What can bad sanitation cause
Diarrhoeal conditions
70
How do pathogens make you ill
Produce toxins | Take over cells
71
What is a mutation
A change in DNA
72
What is a culture medium
Contains nutrients for bacteria to grow
73
although a disinfectant may kill the most bacteria, why might it not be the best?
Could be toxic or harmful to humans
74
Symptoms of measles
Fever and rash
75
What is measles caused by
Droplet infection
76
Symptoms of diseases in plants 4
Spots on leaves Stunted growth Tumours Discolouration
77
How does nicotine cause you to become addicted to smoking?
It alters chemical processes in the body
78
What is a pandemic?
A disease affecting people in many countries
79
What is thalidomide now used to treat?
Leprosy

Biology Revision 🌱 (18 decks)

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