Chapter 9 Flashcards
CAD
Coronary artery disease
Atherosclerosis is a progressive degenerative process associated with Cad through which the endothelial lining of the arterial walls becomes hardened and the walls consequently lose elasticity. Over time, deposition of fat and plaque buildup occur and the artery wall narrows, which in turn occludes blood flow through the vascular system to the heart, causing heart tissue to die or leading to a myocardial infarction.
Risk factors for CAD
Age, family history, cigarette smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose levels, obesity, sedentary lifestyle,
Major signs of symptoms of pulmonary disease
Pain, discomfort in chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas due to ischemia (lack of blood flow)
*shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion
*dizziness or syncope (fainting)
*Orthopnea (need to sit up to breath comfortably) or paroxysmal (sudden unexpected attack) or nocturnal dyspnea (shortness of breath at night)
*Ankle edema (swelling, water retention)
Palpitations or tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
Intermittent claudication (calf cramping)
*known heart murmur
*unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
asthma, emphysema ( diseas of the lung that affects small airways), chronic bronchitis (inflammatory condition caused by persistent production of sputum due to a thickened bronchial wall, created reduction of airflow) are all associated with COPD
Sudden cardiac death
caused by a cardiac arrest that occurs with an abrupt change in an individuals preexisting clinical state or within a few minutes of that change
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick.
aortic stenosis
Narrowing of the valve in the large blood vessel branching off the heart (aorta).
marfan syndrome and aortic dissection and rupture
Marfan syndrome is an inherited disease that affects the body’s connective tissue, which provides the strength, support, and elasticity to tendons, cartilage, heart valves, blood vessels, and other vital parts of the body.
mitral valve prolapse
Improper closure of the valve between the heart’s upper and lower left chambers.
heart arrhythmias
Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow.
myocarditis
Inflammation of the middle layer of the heart wall.
A condition in which the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) beat very quickly.
the immediate cause of death in all the diseases listed except for marfan syndrome
Thrombotic occlusion
A thrombotic occlusion is when a blot clot is formed in a blood vessel that stops most or all blood flow, and causes localized ischemia.
older individuals who have sudden cardiac death show signs of this
Risk stratification table
low: asymptomatic men and women who have < or = 1 CVD risk factor
Moderate: asymptomatic person who have two risk factors
*recommended to have medical examination for vigorous exercise
High risk:
Person with:
known cardiac, peripheral vascular, or cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung disease or cystic fybrosis, diabetes mellitus, thryriod disorders, renal or liver disease or
heart murmur
unexplained fatigue
dizziness or fainting
swelling of the ankles
fast or irregular heartbeat
unexplained shortness of breath
intermittent lameness or pain in calf muscles
breathing discomfort when not in unright position
pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, chest, arms or elsewhere caused by lack of circulation
