Chapter 19

Question 1

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 1

general term for elevated concentrations of any or all of the lipids in the blood, such as cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotiens

usually means high levels of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). major cause of heart disease

patients with LDL should see a dietician, try to loose weight

Question 2

Dyslipidemia

Answer 2

refers to abnormal lipid (Fat) levels in the blood, lipoprotein composition, or both.

Question 3

Therapeutic Lifestyle change

Answer 3

TLC

first line of therapy for the majority of the disorders. include:
diet, physical activity, and weight loss. drugs may be necessary

Question 4

Therapeutic Lifestyle change

Answer 4

TLC

first line of therapy for the majority of the disorders. include:
diet, physical activity, and weight loss. drugs may be necessary

Question 5

Antiatheropgenic diet

Answer 5

heart healthy diet

low cholesterol, limited saturated fats, adequate in nutritions, high in fruits, veggies and whole grains

Question 6

Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 6

clinical entity characterized by a constellation of the metabolically related abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance/glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension

aka syndrome X, dyslipidemic hypertension, and insulin resistance syndrome.

characterized by:

1. abdominal obesity: waist is >40 in in men and >35 in women
2. hypertriglycerdemia: >150mg/dl
3. reduced HDL-cholesteral: <40mg/dl in men and <50mg/dl in woman
4. Elevated fasting glucose >110 mg/dl

27% of population have this

combo of rise in insulin, which results in high BP, high blood lipids, hypertension, and abdominal obesity . combo is the metabolic syndrome

Question 7

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 7

insulin deficiency

Question 8

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and an insulin secretory deficit of the pancreatic beta cells.

90% of diabetes is type 2

Question 9

hyperglycemia

Answer 9

blood glucose=65 mg/dl or lower

concern for type 1 diabetes in exercise

signs: sweating, hunger, palpitations, headache, tachycardia, anxiety, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, convulsion, syncope, coma
treatment: eat carbs, measure blood glucose, if below 70 give 6 saltine crackers, 1/2 cup of soft drink or fruit juice, tablespoon of sugar or honey. wait 15 min, and give them 15 g more of carbs every 15 min until blood glucose is above 70

people with blood glucose above 300=no exercisin