Chapter 5

Question 1

Acute adaptations

Answer 1

changes that occur in the body during and shortly after an exercise

drive the chronic adaptations

Question 2

Chronic adaptations

Answer 2

changes in the body that occur after repeated training bouts and persist long after a training session is over

Question 3

To increase muscle size and strength…

Answer 3

place the system under overload

the neuromuscular system must experience a training stress that is not accustomed to experiencing

Question 4

hypertrophy

Answer 4

not measurable until 8-12 weeks after the initiation of the training program

Question 5

Adaptions within a resistance training program

Answer 5

*changes in anaerobic enzyme quantity
*changes in stored energy substrates
*increased myofibrillar protein content
(increased noncontractile muscle proteins

Question 6

process of skeletal muscle activation

Answer 6

action potential generation on the muscle cell membrane (sarcolemma) via acetylocholine release from the alpha motor neuron that innervates (stimulates) a particular muscle cell

Question 7

EMG

Answer 7

electromyography

technique or recording the electical events of the voltage change on the sarcolemma, or action potential that innervates a particular muscle cell

Question 8

control of muscle force is accomplished by…

Answer 8

motor unit recruitment and rate coding (control of motor unit firing rate , number of action potentials per unit of time)

Question 9

small vs big muscles

Answer 9

small muscles rely on firing rate to control force, while large muscles depend on recruitment

Question 10

fatigue

Answer 10

likely, motor recruitment increases over time to compensate for the loss in force production capability of the previously activated motor units, and units with low rates go to fire at higher rates

size of EMG signal gets larger during a set of resistance training exercise

acute muscular change: accumulation of metabolites and depletion of fuel substrates

decrease in CP (creatine phosphate)= decreased in power production

Question 11

Size principle

Answer 11

smaller motor units are recruited at lower force levels and larger motor units are recruited at higher force levels

Question 12

Neurological chronic adaptations

Answer 12

resistance training rsults in greater number of actin and myosin filaments

Question 13

Hyperplasia

Answer 13

increase in number of muscle fibers

Question 14

muscle tissue changes

Answer 14

hypertrophy, increased cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber, resulting in increased force and power production capability

alters quantity and quality of muscle tissue

Question 15

hyperplasia

Answer 15

increase in number of muscle fibers

Question 16

sarcopenia

Answer 16

loss of muscle mass, typically declining with age in the 30s