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NSCP-CPT > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiovascular system functions

A
  • transports nutrients
  • removes metabolic waste products
  • blood transports oxygen from lungs to the tissues for use in cellular metabolism and transports carbon dioxide from tissue to the lungs, where it is removed from the body
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2
Q

Blood Characteristics

A

*plasma (55%),
*leukocytes platelets (<1%)
* erythrocytes (45%)
normal ph range is 7.4, between 6.9 and 6.63
muscle ph range is between 6.63 and 7.10

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3
Q

Hemoglobin

A

iron-containing protein within the red blood cells that has the capacity to bind between one and four oxygen molecules

  • carries 1.39 ml of oxygen
  • healthy blood has 15g of hemoglobin pero 100 ml
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4
Q

Partial pressure

A

pressure exerted by one gas in a mixture of gasses and is calculated as the product of total pressure of a gas mixture and the percent concentration of the specific gas.

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5
Q

Cooperative Binding

A

oxygen binds to hemoglobin it facilitates subsequent binding of oxygen molecules

*as oxygen partial pressure increases, hemoglobin becomes saturated, and saturation begins to plateau

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6
Q

factors influencing oxygen-hemoglobin curve

A

decrease in core temp: shift curve left
increase in core temp: shift curve right
Arterial blood acidity: low-shift right
high- shift left

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7
Q

SA node

A

sinoatrial node, primary pacemaker of the heart

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8
Q

Purkinje system

A

series of fibers that surround the ventricles, which then stimulate ventricular contraction

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9
Q

Cardiac Morphology

A

SA node –> AV node –>Purkinje fibers –>contraction of ventricles
approximately 0.2 seconds

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10
Q

inferior vena cava

A

returns deoxygenated blood from the trunk and lower extremities

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11
Q

superior vena cava

A

returns deoxygenated blood from the head and upper extremities

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12
Q

pulmonary artery

A

where gas exchange occurs

deoxygenated blood is loaded with oxygen while the metabolic by-products are removed

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13
Q

pulmonary vien

A

delivers oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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14
Q

arterial system

A

carries blood away from the heart

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15
Q

venous system

A

returns blood toward the heart

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16
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram-examen heart under stress

1) P-wave: atrial depolarization (when impulse travels from SA node to AV node)
2) QRS complex: ventricular depolarization (when the impulse continues from AV node to the purkinje fibers)
3) T-wave: electrical recovery/repolarization of the ventricles

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17
Q

Arteries

A

carry blood away from heart toward the tissues and organs

*high pressure system, from 100mmHG in the aorta to 60mmHg in the arterioles

18
Q

veins

A

carry blood from the tissues and organs back to the heart

except: pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
* low pressure system

19
Q

Total peripheral resistance

A

resistance of the entire systemic circulation

20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation

A

stimulates arterial vasodilation, which increases blood flow to working muscles

21
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

heartbeat to heartbeat

diastole: relaxation, heart fills with blood
systole: contraction

22
Q

SBP

A

Systolic blood pressure

*pressure exerted against the arterial walls as blood is forcefully ejected during the ventricular contraction (systole)

23
Q

rate-pressure product (RPP)

A

estimate of the work of the heart

*RPP=SBP x HR

24
Q

DBP

A

Diastolic blood pressure

*pressure exerted against the arterial walls when no blood is being forcefully ejected through the vessels

25
Q

MAP

A

Mean arterial pressure
*mean blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
*not the same as the average of the systolic and diastolic pressures
MAP=DBP+ [.333 x (SBP-DBP)]

26
Q

Cardiac output (Q)

A

amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
Q= SV x HR
but really….
Q=(EDV-ESV) x HR

27
Q

SV

A

Stroke volume
*amount of blood ejected per heartbeat
SV = EDV-ESV

28
Q

EDV

A

End diastolic volume

*the volume of blood in the ventricles following filling.

29
Q

ESV

A

end-systolic volume

*volume of blood in ventricles after contraction

30
Q

Frank-starling principle

A

the more the left ventricle is stretched, the more forceful the contraction and thus the greater volume of blood leaving the ventrcile

31
Q

Nasal Cavity functions

A

warming, humidifying, and purifying the air

32
Q

Respiratory system

A

Nose>Nasal Cavity > trachea >left or right bronchi > alveoli =where gas exchange occurs

33
Q

Spirometry

A

a method used in clinical or research settings to examine static lung volumes

34
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest unit of blood vessels withing the body and are the site of gas exchange
*cover the alveolus

35
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of gas such as oxygen or carbon dioxide across a cell membrane

  • occurs when their is a greater concentration of a gas on one side of the membrane
  • gas moves from high to low concentration
36
Q

Ventilation

A

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the pulmonary blood, and Carbon Dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli

37
Q

Oxygen uptake

A

amount of oxygen used by the tissues of the body

38
Q

oxygen consumptioin

A

used when the amount of oxygen used by the tissues is directly measured

39
Q

VO2

A

primarily related to the ability of the heart and circulatory system to transport oxygen via blood to the tissues and the ability of the tissues to extract oxygen

VO2 = (HR) x (EDV-ESV) x a-˜vO2

40
Q

a-vO2

A

arterial oxygen content minus the venous oxygen content in millimeters of O2 per 100 ml of blood

41
Q

VO2max

A

Maximal oxygen uptake
highest amount of oxygen that can be used that the cellular level for the entire body
*correlates with degree of physical conditioning
*most accepted measure of cardio-respiratory fitness

42
Q

Blood travels…

A

inferior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, left atrium

NSCP-CPT (19 decks)

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