Chapter 11

Question 1

Heart Rate

Answer 1

average: 60-80 beats per minute average HR 7 to 10 beats/min greater than males.

slower than 60=bradycardia
higher than 100=tachycardia

supplies: stopwatch, stethoscope, heart rate monitor,

Question 2

auscultation procedure

Answer 2

stethoscope directly on skin left of sternum. count for 30 or 60 seconds

Question 3

Korotkoff sounds

Answer 3

BP is the forces of blood acting against the vessel walls, and the vibratory forces make these sounds

Question 4

BP

Answer 4

Materials:

• mercury or aneroid sphygmomanometer
• air bladder-containing cuff
• stethoscope

1. no caffine/smoking 30 min before
2. sit up and remove restrictive clothing
3. take BP after client has sat in resting position for five minutes
4. place cuff over brachial artery
5. place stethoscope over over antecubital space
6. position sphygmomanometer so that the center of the mercury column or dial is at eye level and tubbing isn’t overlapping
7. inflate the bladder to 160mmGH or 20mmHG above the systolic BP. turn the air release screw counterclockwise
8. record SBP and DBP to the nearest 2mmHG. first sound is SBP, when the sounds disappear it is the DBP
9. wait 10 to 20 mmHG to confirm absence of sounds
10. Do it again 2 min later. if the differ by more than 5 mmHG, take a third and average the three scores

Question 5

Factors affecting BP

Answer 5

• smoking/tabacco (^)
• caffine
• stress (^resting and exercise)
• Body position (dwn when supine, ^ from supine to seated position or standing position)
• Time of day (dwn in am, ^afternoon/evening hours)
• medications

Question 6

Anthrompometry

Answer 6

science of measurement applied tothe human body

includes hight, weight, and selected body girths

Question 7

BMI

Answer 7

BMI= weight (kg) /height

Question 8

Height

Answer 8

standard platform scale with anthropometer arm and flat ridged, right angnled device to slide down and rest on clients head

1. remove shoes
2. have client stand erect with feet flat on the floor and heels together, back to wall
3. have client align eye with opening of the ear
4. have client take a deep breath and hold
5. record measurement
   6.

Question 9

Weight

Answer 9

body mass

Question 10

Skinfolds

Answer 10

materials:

• skinfold caliper
• nonelastic tape measure
• pen or other marking device

rules: take measurements on right side
* no lotion/wet, before exercise
* grab between thumb and finger, 1 cm from measuring site
* keep fold elevated while taking measurement
* 1-2 seconds (less than 4) after jaw pressure has been released
* take at least two measurements on each site

measuring sites: chest, triceps, abdomen, thigh, midaxilla, subscapula, suprailium, medial calf

2. mark skinfold sites
   * chest: half the distance between the anterior axillary line and nipple for men, 1/3 of the way for women
   * Midaxilla: take fold middle of armpit and xiphoid process
   * triceps: midline of upper arm,halway between top of should and elbow
   * subscapula: diagonal fold above the crest of ilium (front love handle)
   * thigh: vertical fold on the anterior thigh between hip and knee joints
   * medial calf: place right leg on bench with knee felxed at 90 deg. mark level of greatest calf girth
3. calculate estimate body density
4. calculate %body fat
5. compare to normative values

Question 11

BIA

Answer 11

bioelectrical impedance analysis, measures with a small painless electrical current. leaner people have less resistance to current than larger people

Question 12

NIR

Answer 12

near-infared interactance uses wave length of light that is absorbed and reflected by different body tissues

not as accurate as skinfolds, not sensitive to changes in body comp, can produce large measurement errors

Question 13

Waist to-hip girth ratio

Answer 13

1. place tape measure around smallest part of waist, and then the largest part of hip
2. divide waist by hip circumference

Question 14

Cycle ergometer testing general prodcedures

Answer 14

1. make sure its recently and correctly calibrated
2. adjust the seat height so that there is a slight flexion at the knee joint and maximal leg extension. ball of foot on pedal
3. establish pedaling cadence (metronome if needed)
4. set workload
5. assess HR and end of each state or until steady HR , assess BP near the end of each stage and repeatedly
6. initiate cool down
7. during cool down, monitor HR, BP and signs and symptoms regularly for at least 4 min

Question 15

YMCA Cycle ergometer test

Answer 15

1. instruct client to being pedaling at 50 rpm and main
2. set work rate for 1st three minute stage at 150 kg
3. measure clien’ts HR during final 15-30 second and third minutes of first stage. if not within 6 beats, do it again for another minute
4. adjust work rate according to HR
5. measure HR during finals 15-30 seconds of second and their minutes of stage.

after:
plot HR versus work rate on a graph
2. construct a horizontal line at the age-predicted maximal HR value
3. extrapolate the data by drawing a line of the best fit for the HR values between 50% and 90% of the age-predicted maximal HR
4. continue line of best fit

Question 16

Astrand-Rhyming Cycle Ergometer Test

Answer 16

1. set cadance to 50 rpm
2. set work rate according to gender and fitness levels
3. once proper cadance is achieved start stop watch. after 2 min, take HR
   *if HR is greater than 120 beats/min, have client continue work rate through 6 min duration
   if HR is less than 120, increase resistance to next highest increment or until HR is 120 beats/min after 2min or riding at a constant work rate
4. take HR at end of fifth and sixth minutes of test
5. correct to the age of the client

Question 17

YMCA step test

Answer 17

equipment:

• 12 inch step bench/box
• metronome set at 96 beats/min
• stopwatch

1. instruct client to set up up, down down to cadence (24 steps/min)
2. have client step for 3 min
3. immediately after final step, and within 5 sec measure HR for 1 minutes
4. compare data

Question 18

12 min run/walk

Answer 18

400 m track
stopwatch
1. instruct client to run as far as possible during 12 min duration
2. record total disance in meters
3. VO2 max = (0.0268 x D) - 11.3

Question 19

1.5 mile run

Answer 19

objective: run distance quickly as possible

VO2 max=88.02-(0.1656 x BW)-(2.76 x time + (3.716 x gender)

Question 20

Rockport Walking Test

Answer 20

instruct client to walk 1.0 mile briskly as possible.

2. calculate client’s HR using 15-second HR count
3. VO2 max=(132.853 - (0.0769 x BW)-(0.3877xage)+ (6.315 x gender*)-(3.2649 x time)-(0.1565 x HR)

Question 21

1 mile run

Answer 21

good for ages 6 to 17

Question 22

Non-exercise-based estimation of VO2 max

Answer 22

calculate it

Question 23

1 rep maximum bench press

Answer 23

1. warm up with 5 to 10 reps at 40-60% of his or her estimated 1 RM
2. 1 min rest
3. warm up 3-5 reps
   upper body (10-20)
   lower (30-40)
4. provide 2 min rest
5. estimate a conservative, near max load to complete two or three reps by adding as follows
6. provide 2 to 4 min rest
7. increase load
8. 1 RN
9. if client succeeds, go back to step 7, if not, allow 2-4 min wait and decrease the load

Question 24

Partial curl up test

Answer 24

metronome, ruler, masking tape, mat

1. have client lay down with knees at 90 deg. arms are at the side touching a 4 in piece of masking tape, second tape placed 10 cm beyond
2. set metronome to 50 beats/ min
3. direct client to perform as many curl ups as possible without pausing, max of 25
4. compare clients score to table

Question 25

Prone double straight-leg raise test

Answer 25

training or massage table

1. have client lay in prone position, legs extended, hands underneath
2. have client raise both legs to the point of knee clearance from the table
3. record the test dration in seconds
4. end when client cant keep legs up anymore

Question 26

Sit and reach

Answer 26

tape yardstick at 15 inch mark, line up with heels of client.

best of two trials is the score