Chapter 9

Question 1

Any deviation of loudness, pitch, or quality that is outside of the person’s age, gender, or background

Answer 1

Voice disorder (dysphonia)

Question 2

Pervasive pattern of excessive effort and tension that affects the structures and muscles of the phonatory system; tense sounding voice and hard glottal attacks

Answer 2

Hyperfunction

Question 3

Inadequate muscle tone in the laryngeal mechanism and associated structures; breathy voice

Answer 3

Hypofunction

Question 4

Forceful closing of vocal folds during the initiation of phonation

Answer 4

Hard glottal attack

Question 5

Benign vocal fold growth that tends to bilateral

Answer 5

Vocal nodule

Question 6

Acute or chronic vocal behaviors such as yelling and screaming beyond the range of the vocal mechanism

Answer 6

Phonotrauma

Question 7

Intense and of short duration, usually referring to a disease or injury

Answer 7

Acute

Question 8

Long duration with slow progress, in reference to a disease or disorder

Answer 8

Chronic

Question 9

Acute or chronic inflammation of the larynx that results in hoarseness or loss of voice

Answer 9

Laryngitis

Question 10

Accumulation of excessive fluid in tissue that is associated with inflammatory conditions and results in the swelling of tissue

Answer 10

Edema

Question 11

Doctor who specializes in ear, nose, and throat

Answer 11

ENT/otolaryngologist

Question 12

Gastric reflux that may spill over onto the vocal folds, causing coughing and inflammation

Answer 12

Laryngopharyngeal reflux

Question 13

Bening vocal fold growth that may take various forms and is caused by vocal abuse and misuse and results in vocal hoarseness

Answer 13

Vocal polyp

Question 14

Vocal fold becomes flabby and almost jelly-like as a result of hyper function, making the voice sound low and hoarse

Answer 14

Polypoid thickening

Question 15

Voice disorder with no organic, physical or neurological cause

Answer 15

Functional dysphonia

Question 16

Voice disorder caused by the faulty use of the voice

Answer 16

Functional

Question 17

Voice disorder caused by a physical abnormality in the larynx

Answer 17

Organic

Question 18

Voice disorder caused by the overuse/lack of muscle tone and control

Answer 18

Neurological

Question 19

Doctor needed to diagnose and treat voice disorders

Answer 19

ENT

Question 20

Tube that goes down the larynx

Answer 20

Direct laryngoscopy

Question 21

Tubet at goes to the back of the throat

Answer 21

Rigid endoscopy

Question 22

Remove tissue to see if it is malignant

Answer 22

Biopsy

Question 23

Tube tat goes down the nose; more opportunity to see the function of the vocal folds

Answer 23

Indirect laryngoscopy

Question 24

What are the 3 types of voice disorders?

Answer 24

Functional, organic, neurological

Question 25

No organic, physical neurological cause of a voice diosrder

Answer 25

Functional dysphonia

Question 26

What are some examples of laryngeal trauma?

Answer 26

Penetrating, inhaling, blunt, intubation

Question 27

What is the major cause of lung, pharynx, larynx, and mouth structure cancer?

Answer 27

Smoking

Question 28

Vocal folds do not close strongly or long enough

Answer 28

Hypoadduction

Question 29

Vocal folds close too strongly and too long

Answer 29

Hyperadduction

Question 30

Strained, strangled, or harsh voice quality that typically have episodic muscle tension

Answer 30

Spasmodic dysphonia

Question 31

What can help with controlling spasmodic dysphonia?

Answer 31

Botox to relax the vocal folds

Question 32

Directly alter physiology of vocal mechanism through exercise and manipulation of respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory system

Answer 32

Physiological voice therapy

Question 33

Behavioral therapy to decrease vocal abuse

Answer 33

Hygienic voice therapy

Question 34

What are 3 types of voice therapy?

Answer 34

Physiological, hygienic, symptomatic

Question 35

Modifies the person's vocal symptoms through auditory feedback, counseling, eliminating vocal abuse and misuse, and explaining voice problems

Answer 35

Symptomatic voice therapy

Question 36

Partial or total removal of the larynx

Answer 36

Laryngectomy

Question 37

Trachea brought forward and sutured to the neck skin to create a permanent stoma; pharynx is also closed as separate tract for swallowing

Answer 37

Total laryngectomy

Question 38

Vibrating typed placed under the base of the tongue used for making resonating sounds

Answer 38

Electrolarynx