Chapter 12 Flashcards
Any impairment affecting any of the 4 phases of swallowing
Dysphagia
What are the causes of dysphagia?
Stroke, TBI, cancer, side effects of medication
What are the 4 phases of swallowing?
Oral prep, Oral phase, pharyngeal phase, esophageal phase
Conscious awareness of bringing food and drink into the mouth; creating a bolus
Oral prep
Begins when chewing stops, tongue tip elevates and swings back
Oral phase
Phase where bolus is getting moved to the esophagus, peristalsis begins in pharynx
Pharyngeal phase
Bolus passes upper esophageal sphincter, sphincter closes and peristalsis pushes bolus down esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter opens briefly to allow bolus to stomach
Esophageal phase
What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the oral prep phase?
Weakness, decreased cognition
What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the oral phase?
Poor lip seal, premature spillage, lingual weakness
What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the pharyngeal phase?
delayed swallowing, weakness in vocal folds, larynx, soft palate
What problems may someone have if they have dysphagia in the esophageal phase?
upper and lower sphincter problems, slow or absent esophageal peristalsis
Video recording of movement of liquid from enter mouth to entering stomach
Modified barium swallow
Affects motor planning, programming, neuromuscular control, or execution of speech
Neurological impairment
Weakness in the muscles that control articulatory, resonator, phonatory, or respiratory systems
Dysarthria
What can cause dysarthria?
Stroke, TBI, degenerative disease, unknown cause
What determines the severity of dysarthria?
Site and size of lesions
Gradual deterioration of nerve centers needed for fine motor control; results in stiff movements, tremors, speech and swallowing problems
Parkinson’s
Autoimmune disease that results in the widespread muscle weakness causing drooping eyelids, double vision, speech and swallowing impairments
Myasthenia Gravis
Loss of function to all skeletal muscle systems; degenerative disease of motor neurons
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrigs disease)
Chronic damage to the myelin sheath in the CNS with unpredictable patterns of damage
Multiple Sclerosis
Impaired ability to plan, sequence, coordinate, and initiate motor movements of articulators
Apraxia
What causes apraxia?
Damage to the Broca’s
