Chapter 8

Question 1

Disturbance in the normal flow and time patterning of speech

Answer 1

Stuttering

Question 2

What are some examples of stuttering?

Answer 2

blocks word repetition, sound prolongations, tension, interjection, broken words

Question 3

How many years until you cannot grow out of stuttering?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Able to hear and see it, observable by the person not stuttering

Answer 4

Overt

Question 5

What are some examples of audible overt behaviors?

Answer 5

repetition, prolongation, blocks,

Question 6

Stoppage in voicing

Answer 6

Block

Question 7

Breaking up words and using fillers

Answer 7

Interjection

Question 8

Different patterns of breathing

Answer 8

Dysrhythmic phonation

Question 9

What are some examples of visible overt behaviors?

Answer 9

losing eye contact, rapid blinking, tension of facial muscles, jerking head, clenched fist

Question 10

Emotional and cognitive reactions

Answer 10

Covert

Question 11

Environmental stress and neurological predisposition cause stuttering

Answer 11

Breakdown theory

Question 12

Unmet and repressed emotional needs cause stuttering

Answer 12

Repressed needs theory

Question 13

Stuttering is a reaction to penalties for normal disfluencies

Answer 13

Anticipatory struggle theory

Question 14

How many words out of 100 is considered normal disfluency?

Answer 14

10 or less

Question 15

Train stutterers to speak with relaxed vocal folds, respiration, and articulation muscles

Answer 15

Fluency shaping

Question 16

Stutterer recognizes and confronts fears, avoidances, and struggles about stuttering

Answer 16

Stuttering modification

Question 17

Let the stutter happen, pause, then try to say the word again without stuttering

Answer 17

Cancellation

Question 18

Stopping the stutter midway of saying the word

Answer 18

Pull out

Question 19

Repeating, pausing, incomplete phrasing, revising, interjecting, and prolonging of sounds that are typical in the speech of young children

Answer 19

Normal disfluency

Question 20

Counseling that focuses on the family as a whole

Answer 20

Family systems therapy

Question 21

Counseling that helps individuals recognize and examine problematic beliefs and replace them with more adaptive and flexible ways of believing

Answer 21

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 22

Voice disorder resulting from TBI, or any injury to the brain

Answer 22

Neurogenic voice disorder