Chapter 8 Flashcards
Disturbance in the normal flow and time patterning of speech
Stuttering
What are some examples of stuttering?
blocks word repetition, sound prolongations, tension, interjection, broken words
How many years until you cannot grow out of stuttering?
3
Able to hear and see it, observable by the person not stuttering
Overt
What are some examples of audible overt behaviors?
repetition, prolongation, blocks,
Stoppage in voicing
Block
Breaking up words and using fillers
Interjection
Different patterns of breathing
Dysrhythmic phonation
What are some examples of visible overt behaviors?
losing eye contact, rapid blinking, tension of facial muscles, jerking head, clenched fist
Emotional and cognitive reactions
Covert
Environmental stress and neurological predisposition cause stuttering
Breakdown theory
Unmet and repressed emotional needs cause stuttering
Repressed needs theory
Stuttering is a reaction to penalties for normal disfluencies
Anticipatory struggle theory
How many words out of 100 is considered normal disfluency?
10 or less
Train stutterers to speak with relaxed vocal folds, respiration, and articulation muscles
Fluency shaping
Stutterer recognizes and confronts fears, avoidances, and struggles about stuttering
Stuttering modification
Let the stutter happen, pause, then try to say the word again without stuttering
Cancellation
Stopping the stutter midway of saying the word
Pull out
Repeating, pausing, incomplete phrasing, revising, interjecting, and prolonging of sounds that are typical in the speech of young children
Normal disfluency
Counseling that focuses on the family as a whole
Family systems therapy
Counseling that helps individuals recognize and examine problematic beliefs and replace them with more adaptive and flexible ways of believing
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Voice disorder resulting from TBI, or any injury to the brain
Neurogenic voice disorder
