Chapter 5

Question 1

Study of speech sounds production and the special that represent speech sounds

Answer 1

Phonetics

Question 2

Specially devised signs and symbols designed to represent the individual speech sounds of all languages

Answer 2

International phonetic alphabet

Question 3

Combination of two vowels in which one vowel glides continuously into the second vowel

Answer 3

Diphthong

Question 4

Slight variation in the way different people produce individual phonemes

Answer 4

Allophone

Question 5

Smallest individual differences required to differentiate one phoneme from another in a language

Answer 5

Distinctive feature

Question 6

two sounds that differ only in voicing

Answer 6

Cognate

Question 7

Location in the mouth where two articulators come together to produce specific sound

Answer 7

Place

Question 8

Way in which the air stream is modified as a result of the interaction of the articulators

Answer 8

Manner

Question 9

Sound formed by forcing the air stream through a narrow opening between articulators

Answer 9

Fricative

Question 10

Fricative sound whose production is accompanied by a hissing sound

Answer 10

Sibilant

Question 11

Referring to the two lips

Answer 11

Bilabial

Question 12

Sound made by building up air pressure in the mouth and then suddenly releasing it

Answer 12

Stop

Question 13

Type of consonant that has a gradual change in an articulator

Answer 13

Glide

Question 14

Upper front teeth are in contact with the lower lip

Answer 14

Labiodental

Question 15

Where the tongue tip placed lightly between the top and bottom front teeth

Answer 15

linguadental

Question 16

Where the top center of the tongue is near the hard palate

Answer 16

Linguapalatal

Question 17

Where the back of the tongue moves near the soft palate

Answer 17

Linguavelar

Question 18

No known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis

Answer 18

Functional

Question 19

Has a known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis

Answer 19

Organic

Question 20

Fold of mucous tissue connecting the floor of the mouth to the midline underside of the tongue

Answer 20

Frenum

Question 21

The time and process of giving birth or being born

Answer 21

Perinatal

Question 22

Inadequate oxygenation of the blood which leads to neurological damage in infants and newborns

Answer 22

Infantile hypoxia

Question 23

Complete lack of oxygen to the brain

Answer 23

Anoxia

Question 24

Referring to the likelihood that there are two or more causes of a disorder

Answer 24

Multifactoral

Question 25

Replacement of one standard speech sound

Answer 25

Substitution

Question 26

Absence of a speech sound where one should occur in a word

Answer 26

Omission

Question 27

Sound that does not have a phonetic symbol to represent the sound that is produced in place of the intended sound

Answer 27

Distortion

Question 28

Insertion of a sound or sounds not part of the word itself

Answer 28

Addition

Question 29

Sample of a child's oral disclosure in conversation or while describing a picture

Answer 29

Spontaneous speech sample

Question 30

Evaluation of a child's ability to mirror the sound a clinician makes

Answer 30

Stimulability

Question 31

Ability to distinguish sounds from one another

Answer 31

Auditory discrimination training

Question 32

Combination of input of sensations and output of motor activity

Answer 32

Sensorimotor

Question 33

Motor speech disorder in the absence of muscle weakness that affects planning, programming, sequencing, coordinating, and initiating motor movements of the articulators that interferes with articulation and prosody

Answer 33

Childhood apraxia of speech

Question 34

Disease or disorder with no known cause

Answer 34

Idiopathic

Question 35

Group of motor speech disorders caused by weakness or paralysis or incoordination of speech muscles as a result of CNS or PNS damage that affects respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation, and prosody

Answer 35

Dysarthria

Question 36

Weakness or absence of muscle tone or tension in a muscle or muscle group

Answer 36

Hypotonicity

Question 37

Excessive tone or tension in a muscle or muscle group

Answer 37

Hypertonicity

Question 38

Sounds articulated by stopping outgoing airstream or by creating a narrow opening using articulators

Answer 38

Consonant

Question 39

What are the 3 distinctive features of consonants?

Answer 39

Place, manner, voice

Question 40

Voiced speech sounds from unrestricted passage of airstream through mouth

Answer 40

Vowels

Question 41

Incorrect production of speech sound due to faulty placement, timing, direction, pressure, speed, integration of movments

Answer 41

Articulation disorder

Question 42

Errors of several phonemes that forms patterns or clusters; results in the child simplifying speech sounds and sound combinations

Answer 42

Phonological disorder

Question 43

What are the 4 types of articulation errors?

Answer 43

Subsitution, omission, distortion, addition

Question 44

What are the etiologies of phonological and articulation disorders?

Answer 44

Normal variation, environmental differences, physical impairments

Question 45

Most crucial factor in speech and language development

Answer 45

Hearing