Chapter 4 Flashcards
Progressive evolving and shaping of individual sounds and syllables that are used as arbitrary symbols
Speech development
Progressive growth of a receptive and expressive communication system
Language development
A perspective of development that sorts that speech and language are behaviors that are learned through operant conditioning
Behavioral theory
Learning model for changing behavior in which a desired behavior is reinforced immediately after it spontaneously occurs
Operant conditioning
Perspective of language development that emphasizes the acquisition of language and an innate, physiologically determined, and genetically transmitted phenomenon
Nativistic theory
Emphasizes the interrelationship between language learning and cognition; meanings conveyed by a child’s productions
Semantic-cognitive theory
Perspective of language development that considers communication as the basic function of language
Social-pragmatic theory
Emphasizes the similarities and differences of the people and the language spoken around the world, and stresses how one language or dialect is no better than another
Cultural linguistic diversity
Sounds produced by an infant before the production of true words and language
Pre-linguistic
Child within the first 28 days after birth
Neonate
Strings of syllables produced with stress and intonation that mimic real speech but are not actual words
Jargon
Blend or consonant cluster occurs when 2 or more sounds appear together with now vowel separation
Blend
The simplification of sounds that are difficult for children to produce in an adult manner
Phonological processes
Refers to all morphemes, including words and parts of words that a person knows
Lexicon
Use of a single word to express a complete thought
Holoprhastic language
Child’s grammatical knowledge of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics
Communicative competence
Average number of morphemes in a young child’s individual utterances
Mean length of utterance
Progressive and continuous growth of perception, memory, imagination, conception, judgement and reasoning
Cognitive development
Words whose grammatical functions are more obvious than their semantic content and that serve primarily to give order to a sentence
Functor
Condensed language in which only the essential words are used such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives; used by 3 year olds to express their feelings
Telegraphic speech
Prelinguistic vocalizations, by the age of 6 months they make consonant and vowel sounds; begin to babble and engage in vocal play
Stage I Speech Development
First true word spoken at 10-14 months, use of words and gestures to communicate, by 18 months the child knows 50 vocab words
Stage II speech development
Use mostly speech and language and become more intelligible; most speech sounds emerged and fully developed but may not be consistent
Stage III speech development
95-100% intelligible between the age of 6-8, speech is mastered by 9-12 years
Stage IV speech development
