Chapter 4

Question 1

Progressive evolving and shaping of individual sounds and syllables that are used as arbitrary symbols

Answer 1

Speech development

Question 2

Progressive growth of a receptive and expressive communication system

Answer 2

Language development

Question 3

A perspective of development that sorts that speech and language are behaviors that are learned through operant conditioning

Answer 3

Behavioral theory

Question 4

Learning model for changing behavior in which a desired behavior is reinforced immediately after it spontaneously occurs

Answer 4

Operant conditioning

Question 5

Perspective of language development that emphasizes the acquisition of language and an innate, physiologically determined, and genetically transmitted phenomenon

Answer 5

Nativistic theory

Question 6

Emphasizes the interrelationship between language learning and cognition; meanings conveyed by a child’s productions

Answer 6

Semantic-cognitive theory

Question 7

Perspective of language development that considers communication as the basic function of language

Answer 7

Social-pragmatic theory

Question 8

Emphasizes the similarities and differences of the people and the language spoken around the world, and stresses how one language or dialect is no better than another

Answer 8

Cultural linguistic diversity

Question 9

Sounds produced by an infant before the production of true words and language

Answer 9

Pre-linguistic

Question 10

Child within the first 28 days after birth

Answer 10

Neonate

Question 11

Strings of syllables produced with stress and intonation that mimic real speech but are not actual words

Answer 11

Jargon

Question 12

Blend or consonant cluster occurs when 2 or more sounds appear together with now vowel separation

Answer 12

Blend

Question 13

The simplification of sounds that are difficult for children to produce in an adult manner

Answer 13

Phonological processes

Question 14

Refers to all morphemes, including words and parts of words that a person knows

Answer 14

Lexicon

Question 15

Use of a single word to express a complete thought

Answer 15

Holoprhastic language

Question 16

Child’s grammatical knowledge of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics

Answer 16

Communicative competence

Question 17

Average number of morphemes in a young child’s individual utterances

Answer 17

Mean length of utterance

Question 18

Progressive and continuous growth of perception, memory, imagination, conception, judgement and reasoning

Answer 18

Cognitive development

Question 19

Words whose grammatical functions are more obvious than their semantic content and that serve primarily to give order to a sentence

Answer 19

Functor

Question 20

Condensed language in which only the essential words are used such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives; used by 3 year olds to express their feelings

Answer 20

Telegraphic speech

Question 21

Prelinguistic vocalizations, by the age of 6 months they make consonant and vowel sounds; begin to babble and engage in vocal play

Answer 21

Stage I Speech Development

Question 22

First true word spoken at 10-14 months, use of words and gestures to communicate, by 18 months the child knows 50 vocab words

Answer 22

Stage II speech development

Question 23

Use mostly speech and language and become more intelligible; most speech sounds emerged and fully developed but may not be consistent

Answer 23

Stage III speech development

Question 24

95-100% intelligible between the age of 6-8, speech is mastered by 9-12 years

Answer 24

Stage IV speech development

Question 25

Understand simple, clear sentences, understand what is said to them but have a short term memory, have foundations of language at the age of 5

Answer 25

Stage III language development

Question 26

Infants respond to 5 sense stimuli, respond to name, make random noises such as whimpering and crying

Answer 26

Stage I language development

Question 27

Attaches words to new things, understand more than what they express, begin to use 2 word utterances

Answer 27

Stage II language development