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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anuria

A

The absence of urine formation by the kidneys

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2
Q

Benign pro static hyperplasia

A

Abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50

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3
Q

Chronic kidney disease

A

The progressive loss of renal function over months or years

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4
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder

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5
Q

Cytocele

A

Hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

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6
Q

Cystolith

A

Stone located within the urinary bladder

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7
Q

Cystopexy

A

Surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

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8
Q

Cytoscopy

A

The visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cytoscope

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9
Q

Dialysis

A

A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients his kidneys no longer function

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10
Q

Diuresis

A

The increased output of urine

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11
Q

End-stage renal disease

A

The final stage of chronic kidney disease

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12
Q

Enuresis

A

The involuntary discharge of urine

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13
Q

Epispadias

A

A congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In a male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis. Girl=Clitoral region

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14
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

A type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli

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15
Q

Hemodialysis

A

A process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

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16
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

The dilation of one or both kidneys

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17
Q

Hydro ureter

A

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

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18
Q

Hyperproteinuria

A

The presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

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19
Q

Hypoproteinemia

A

The presence of abormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

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20
Q

Hypospadias

A

The congenital abnormality of the urethral opening

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21
Q

Incontinence

A

The inability to control the excretion of urine and or feces

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22
Q

Interstitial cystitis

A

A chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

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23
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

Radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters

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24
Q

Nephrolith

A

Stone located in the kidney

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25
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

The presence of stones in the kidney

26
Q

Nephrolysis

A

The surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

27
Q

Nephrons

A

Functional unit of the kidney

28
Q

Nephropathy

A

Any disease of the kidney

29
Q

Nephroptosis

A

The prolapse of the kidney in the pelvic area when the patient stands

30
Q

Nephropyosis

A

Suppuration of the kidney

31
Q

Nephrostomy

A

The placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

32
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

A group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine

33
Q

Neurogenic syndrome

A

An umbrella term for disorders in which there is a progressive loss of the structure functions of neurons

34
Q

Neurogenic bladder

A

urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

35
Q

Nocturia

A

A frequent and excessive urination during the night

36
Q

Nocturnal enuresis

A

Urinary incontinence during sleep aka bed wetting

37
Q

Oliguria

A

Scanty Urination

38
Q

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

Surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back

39
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

40
Q

Polycystic kidney disease

A

A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid filled cysts in the kidneys

41
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive urination

42
Q

Prostatism

A

disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

43
Q

Pyeloplasty

A

Surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis

44
Q

Pyelotomy

A

Surgical incision into the renal pelvis

45
Q

Suprapubic catheterization

A

Placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

46
Q

Uremia

A

Toxic condition in which the urea and other waste products normally excreted in the urine are retained in the blood

47
Q

Ureterectasis

A

The distention of a ureter

48
Q

Ureterolith

A

A stone located anywhere along the ureter

49
Q

Ureterorrhagia

A

The discharge of blood from the ureter

50
Q

Ureterorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing of a Ureter

51
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

52
Q

Urethropexy

A

Surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue

53
Q

Urethrrorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the urethra

54
Q

Urethrostenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of the urethra

55
Q

Urethrotomy

A

A surgical incision into the urethra

56
Q

Urinary catheterization

A

Insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile specimen or drain urine

57
Q

Vesicovaginal fistula

A

And abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

58
Q

Voiding Cystourethrography

A

A diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

59
Q

Wilms tumor

A

A rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

60
Q

Ablation

A

The removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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