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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Alzheimers disease

A

A group of disorders involving parts of the brain that control thought memory and language

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2
Q

Amytropic lateral sclerosis

A

Rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

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3
Q

Anesthetic

A

Medication used to induce anesthesia

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4
Q

Anesthetist

A

Specializes in administering anethesia not a physician

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5
Q

Anxiety disorder

A

Mental conditions characterized by excessive irrational dread of every day situations

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6
Q

Autism

A

A subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders

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7
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on affected side of face

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8
Q

Causalgia

A

Persistent severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve

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9
Q

Cerebral contusion

A

Bruising of her brain tissue is the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against skull

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10
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Condition characterized by poor muscle control spasticity and other neurologic deficiencies

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11
Q

Cerebrovascular accident

A

Damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted

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12
Q

Cervical radiculopathy

A

Nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

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13
Q

Claustrophobia

A

Abnormal fear of being in small enclosed spaces

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14
Q

Cognition

A

Mental activities associated with thinking learning and memory

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15
Q

Coma

A

A deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous I movement no response to painful stimuli and no vocalization

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16
Q

Concussion

A

Violent shaking up or jarring of the brain

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17
Q

Cranial hematoma

A

Collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

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18
Q

Delirium

A

Acute condition of confusion disorientation disordered thinking hallucinations

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19
Q

Delusion

A

False personal believe that is maintained despite obvious proof

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20
Q

Delirium tremens

A

Disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping use of alohol

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21
Q

Dementia

A

Slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory thinking and judgment

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22
Q

Dura matter

A

Thick tough outer layer on the inner surface of cranium

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23
Q

Dyslexia

A

Learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols

24
Q

Electroencephalography

A

The use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes

25
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

26
Q

Epidural anesthesia

A

Regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of lumbar/sacral region of spine

27
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity

28
Q

Factitious disorder

A

Condition where person acts as if he or she has a physical/mental illness when he or she is not really sick

29
Q

Guillan Barre syndrome

A

Inflammation of Myelin sheath of peripheral nerves rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis

30
Q

Hallucination

A

Sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulation

31
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Damage to the brain that occurs when the blood vessel in the brain leaks

32
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Condition in which cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain

33
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Condition in which an abnormal amount and excessive sensitivity to touch pain or other sensory stimuli

34
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Condition characterized by fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance

35
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Damage that occurs when the flow of the blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing of a carotid artery

36
Q

Lethargy

A

Lower level of consciousness marked by listlessness drowsiness and apathy

37
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord

38
Q

Meningocele

A

Congenital herniation of meninges through the defect in the skull spinal column

39
Q

Migraine

A

Headache characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head and may be predicted by warning aura

40
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Progressive autoimmune the disorder characterized by the inflammation that causes demyelination of Myelin sheath

41
Q

Myelography

A

Radiographic study of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture

42
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder consisting of sun and then uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

43
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Mental condition characterized by obsessions/compulsions

44
Q

Panic attack

A

Unexpected sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger shortness of breath and chest pain

45
Q

Paresthesia

A

Burning/prickling sensation usually felt in the hands arms legs or feet

46
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Chronic degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors rigidity and slower shuffling gait

47
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Disorder of peripheral nerves that carry info to and from the brain and spinal cord producing pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles

48
Q

Post traumatic stress disorder

A

Development of characteristic symptoms after a major traumatic event

49
Q

Reyes syndrome

A

Potentially serious/deadly disorder in children including vomiting and confusion sometimes following a viral illness for which they had aspirin

50
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality illogical patterns of thinking delusions and hallucinations

51
Q

Sciatica

A

Inflammation of sciatic nerve’s results in pain burning tingling a long course of affected nerve

52
Q

Shaken baby syndrome

A

Describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone

53
Q

Syncope

A

Brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased flow of blood to brain

54
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Inflammation of fifth cranial nerve characterized by sudden intense brief attacks of sharp pain on one side of the face

55
Q

Acrophobia

A

Excessive fear of heights

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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