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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Allergen

A

A substance that produces an allergic response in an individual

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2
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

A severe systemic response to an allergen

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3
Q

Antibiotic

A

Medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacteria

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4
Q

Anti-body

A

A disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

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5
Q

Antifungal

A

An agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

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6
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

The advanced stage of an HIV infection

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7
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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8
Q

Autoimmune disorder

A

Condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the bodies the body’s own tissues

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9
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod shaped spore forming bacteria

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10
Q

Bacteria

A

One celled microscopic organisms

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11
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

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12
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids

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13
Q

Ductal carcinoma in situ

A

Breast cancer at earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct

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14
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruption’s that follow underlying route of inflamed nerve

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15
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Malignancy of lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by presence of Reed Sternberg cells

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16
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus

A

Blood-borne pathogen that damages or kills the T cells of immune system causing it to progressively fail

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17
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Anti-bodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

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18
Q

Immunosuppressant

A

Substance that prevent or reduces body’s normal immune response

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19
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus that is characterized by fever sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes

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20
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response

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21
Q

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

Breast cancer that starts in milk duct Break through the wall of that duct and invades the fatty breast tissue

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22
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of the lymph nodes

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23
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

24
Q

Lymphangioma

A

A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels

25
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of the tissues due to abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues

26
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

27
Q

Lymphoscintigraphy

A

Diagnostic testing is performed to detect damage or malformations of lymphatic vessels

28
Q

Malaria

A

Disease caused by parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and transferred to humans by bite of infected mosquito

29
Q

Mammography

A

Radiographic examination of breast to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells

30
Q

Meta-stasis

A

New Cancer site that results from spreading process

31
Q

Metastasize

A

Process where cancer spreads from one place to another

32
Q

Myoma

A

Benign tumor made of muscle tissue

33
Q

Myosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

34
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

All lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

35
Q

Opportunistic infection

A

Caused by pathogen that doesn’t normally produce an illness in healthy humans

36
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Hard tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

37
Q

Parasite

A

Plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

38
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease producing micro organism

39
Q

Rabies

A

Acute viral infection transmitted to humans by bite or saliva of infected animal

40
Q

Rickettsia

A

Small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, mites

41
Q

Rubella

A

Viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, fine pink rash

42
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue

43
Q

Spirochetes

A

Long slender spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

44
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of spleen

45
Q

Staphylococci

A

Group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups are clusters resembling grapes

46
Q

Streptococci

A

Bacteria that form a chain. Most = harmless, some = strep throat

47
Q

Telethraphy

A

Radiation therapy administered at a distance from body that is precisely targeted with use of 3-D computerized imaging

48
Q

Tetanus

A

Acute, potentially fatal infection of central nervous system caused by a toxin and produced by tetanus bacteria

49
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Parasite most commonly transmitted from animals to humans by contact with contaminated feces

50
Q

Varicella

A

Highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus varicella zoster, a.k.a. chickenpox

51
Q

Antigen-antibody reaction

A

Binding antigens to anti-bodies

52
Q

Complement

A

Normally circulate in the blood in inactive form

53
Q

Interferon

A

Produced in response to antigens (virus or tumors) activate immune system

54
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Formed in bone marrow as stem cells

55
Q

Lymphokines

A

Substance produced by lymphocytes the acts upon other cells

56
Q

Macrophage

A

Type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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