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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Allogenic

A

Bone marrow transplant where recipient receives bone marrow from a compatible donor

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2
Q

Anklylosing spondylitis

A

Form of rheumatoid arthritis, causes inflammation of joints between vertebrae

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3
Q

Arthrodesis

A

Aka surgical ankylosis, surgical infusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

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4
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Minimally invasive procedure for treatment of interior of a joint

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5
Q

Autologous

A

Bone marrow transplant using patients own bone marrow that was harvested before treatment began

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6
Q

Chondroma

A

Slow growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

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7
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Abnormal softening of cartilage

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8
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Fracture in which bone is splintered or crushed

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9
Q

Compression fracture

A

Fracture in which bone is pressed upon self

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10
Q

Costochondritis

A

Inflammation of cartilage that connects a rib to sternum

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11
Q

Craniostenosis

A

Malformation of skull due to premature closure of cranial sutures

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12
Q

Crepitation

A

Grating sound heard when to ends of a broken bone move together

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13
Q

Dual x-Ray absorbtiometry

A

Low exposure radio graphic measurement of spine and hips to measure bone density

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14
Q

Fibrous dysplasia

A

Bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar-like) tissue

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15
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Abnormal enlargement of joint at base of great toe

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16
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood within a joint

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17
Q

Hemopoietic

A

Pertaining to the info of blood cells

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18
Q

Internal fixation

A

Fracture treatment in which pins or plates are placed directly into the bone to hold broken pieces in place

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19
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or less with symptoms including stiffness, pain, fever, fatigue

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20
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal outward curvature of thoracic spine as viewed from side

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21
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lamina from vertebrae

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22
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal increase in forward curvature of the lumbar spine

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23
Q

Lumbago

A

Pain in the lumbar region of the spine

24
Q

Malleolus

A

Rounded bony projection on tibia and fibula on sides of each ankle joint

25
Q

Manubrium

A

Upper portion of sternum

26
Q

Metacarpals

A

Any of the 5 bones in the hand

27
Q

Metatarsals

A

Form the part of the foot to which the toes attach

28
Q

Myeloma

A

Type of cancer that occurs in blood making cells of red bone marrow

29
Q

Open fracture

A

Fracture in which bone is broken and open wound in skin

30
Q

Orthotic

A

Mechanical appliance such as leg brace or splint to control correct or compensate for impaired limb function

31
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of bone

32
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Type of arthritis most commonly associated w aging

33
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benign bony projection covered w cartilage

34
Q

Osteoclasis

A

Surgical fracture of bone to correct a deformity

35
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of the bones in adults

36
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone marrow and adjacent bone

37
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

Death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply

38
Q

Osteopenia

A

Thinner than average bone density

39
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity frequently associated w aging

40
Q

Osteoporotic hip fracture

A

Fracture of ship weekend by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as result of a fall

41
Q

Osteorrhapy

A

Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones

42
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Bone disorder of unknown cause characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

43
Q

Pathological fracture

A

Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

44
Q

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

Treatment of osteoporosis related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize

45
Q

Periostititis

A

Inflammation of periosteum shin splints

46
Q

Prosthesis

A

Sub for diseased or missing body part

47
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membranes and other body tissues are inflamed/thickened

48
Q

Rickets

A

Deficiency disease in children involving defective bone growth through vitamin d deficiency

49
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

50
Q

Spina bifida

A

Congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which spinal canal fails to close completely around spinal cord

51
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Fracture in which bone is twisted apart

52
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward slipping movement of body of one of lower lumbar vertebrae of vertabra below it

53
Q

Spondyliosis

A

Degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

54
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial displacement of bone from its joint

55
Q

Synovectomy

A

Surgical removal of synovial membrane from a joint

56
Q

Vertebrae

A

Any bones or segments composing the spinal column

57
Q

Acetabulum

A

Large circular cavity to form hip joint

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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