Chapter 5 Flashcards
Anemia
A lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood
Aneurysm
A localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery
Angina
Condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium
Angioplasty
Procedure in which a small balloon is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery…”””
Anticoagulant
Slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming
Aplastic anemia
Characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
Arrhythmia
Describes the abnormality or the loss of the normal rhythm of the heart
Atherectomy
Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery
Atheroma
A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall
Atherosclerosis
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by buildup of cholesterol plaque on interior walls of arteries
Atrial fibrillation
Normal rhythmic contractions of the atria replaced by rapid irregular twitching of muscular heart walls
Automated external defibrillator
For use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required
Beta-blocker
Reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat
Blood dyscrasia
Any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow resting heart rate
Cardiac arrest
Event in which the heart abruptly stops or develops very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood
Cardiac endarterectomy
Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged artery leading to the brain
Cardiomyopathy
All diseases of the heart muscle
Cholesterol
Fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body
Chronic venous insufficiency
Venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage/leakage of venous valves
Coronary thrombosis
Damage to the muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery
Defibrillation
The use of electrical shock to restore the hearts normal rhythm
Diuretic
Administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water
Electrocardiogram
A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium
Embolism
The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
Embolus
A foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue/tumor that is circulating though the blood
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
Erythrocytes
Mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow (red blood cells-RBC)
ACE inhibitor
Blocks the action of the enzyme that caused the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing pigment of the erythrocytes
Hemolytic anemia
A condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Hemostasis
To stop or control bleeding
Ischemic heart disease
Group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
Hemostasis
To stop or control bleeding
Ischemic heart disease
Group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
Leukemia
Cancer characterized by progressive increase in # of abnormal WBC found in blood-forming tissues and in blood
Megaloblastic anemia
Blood disorder characterized by anemia in which RBC are larger than normal
Myelosplastic syndrome
Group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells
Myocardial infarction
Occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque build up
Orthostatic hypotension
Low BP that occurs when standing up
Paroxymal atrial tachycardia
Episode that begins and ends abruptly where there are rapid and regular heartbeats originating in atrium
Pericardium
Surrounds and encloses the heart
Pernicious anemia
Anemia caused by lack of protein that helps the body absorb B12 from G.I. tract
Phlebitis
Inflammation of vein
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress
Septicemia
Caused by the presence of bacteria in blood
Sickle cell anemia
Genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin resulting in rbc that that takes sickle shape
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid resting heartbeat usually more than 100 BPM
Thallium stress test
Performed to evaluate blood flow to heart during exercise by injecting small amount of thallium into blood
Thrombocytopenia
Abnormally small number of platelets circulating in blood
Thrombosis
Abnormal condition of having a thrombus
Transfusion reaction
Serious/potentially fatal complication of blood transfusion where immune response occurs because patient blood does not match donor blood
Valvulitis
Inflammation of the heart valve
Varicose veins
Abnormally swollen veins occurring superficial veins of the leg
Ventricular fibrillation
Rapid irregular useless contractions of ventricles
