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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anemia

A

A lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood

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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

A localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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3
Q

Angina

A

Condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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4
Q

Angioplasty

A

Procedure in which a small balloon is used to open a partially blocked coronary artery…”””

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5
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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6
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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7
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Describes the abnormality or the loss of the normal rhythm of the heart

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8
Q

Atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

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9
Q

Atheroma

A

A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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10
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by buildup of cholesterol plaque on interior walls of arteries

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11
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Normal rhythmic contractions of the atria replaced by rapid irregular twitching of muscular heart walls

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12
Q

Automated external defibrillator

A

For use by nonprofessionals in emergency situations when defibrillation is required

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13
Q

Beta-blocker

A

Reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat

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14
Q

Blood dyscrasia

A

Any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

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15
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow resting heart rate

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16
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Event in which the heart abruptly stops or develops very abnormal arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood

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17
Q

Cardiac endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged artery leading to the brain

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18
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

All diseases of the heart muscle

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19
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

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20
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency

A

Venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage/leakage of venous valves

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21
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

Damage to the muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

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22
Q

Defibrillation

A

The use of electrical shock to restore the hearts normal rhythm

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23
Q

Diuretic

A

Administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

24
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

25
Q

Embolism

A

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

26
Q

Embolus

A

A foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue/tumor that is circulating though the blood

27
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

28
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow (red blood cells-RBC)

29
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Blocks the action of the enzyme that caused the blood vessels to contract resulting in hypertension

30
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The iron-containing pigment of the erythrocytes

31
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

A condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen

32
Q

Hemostasis

A

To stop or control bleeding

33
Q

Ischemic heart disease

A

Group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

34
Q

Hemostasis

A

To stop or control bleeding

35
Q

Ischemic heart disease

A

Group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

36
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer characterized by progressive increase in # of abnormal WBC found in blood-forming tissues and in blood

37
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Blood disorder characterized by anemia in which RBC are larger than normal

38
Q

Myelosplastic syndrome

A

Group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells

39
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque build up

40
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Low BP that occurs when standing up

41
Q

Paroxymal atrial tachycardia

A

Episode that begins and ends abruptly where there are rapid and regular heartbeats originating in atrium

42
Q

Pericardium

A

Surrounds and encloses the heart

43
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Anemia caused by lack of protein that helps the body absorb B12 from G.I. tract

44
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of vein

45
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

46
Q

Septicemia

A

Caused by the presence of bacteria in blood

47
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Genetic disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin resulting in rbc that that takes sickle shape

48
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally rapid resting heartbeat usually more than 100 BPM

49
Q

Thallium stress test

A

Performed to evaluate blood flow to heart during exercise by injecting small amount of thallium into blood

50
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Abnormally small number of platelets circulating in blood

51
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of having a thrombus

52
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

Serious/potentially fatal complication of blood transfusion where immune response occurs because patient blood does not match donor blood

53
Q

Valvulitis

A

Inflammation of the heart valve

54
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen veins occurring superficial veins of the leg

55
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Rapid irregular useless contractions of ventricles

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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